Related Experiment Videos

Differences in family mealtime interactions between young children with type 1 diabetes and controls: implications

Susana R Patton1, Lawrence M Dolan, Scott W Powers

  • 1University of Michigan/C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. susanap@med.umich.edu

Journal of Pediatric Psychology
|March 22, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Parents of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) use more commands during meals, leading to children eating less. These mealtime behaviors impact dietary adherence and glycemic control in young children with T1DM.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric endocrinology
  • Family studies
  • Behavioral science

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) requires careful management of diet and behavior.
  • Family mealtime dynamics can influence a child's eating habits and health outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in family mealtime behaviors between young children with T1DM and their matched controls.
  • To identify clinically relevant behaviors that may affect dietary adherence and glycemic control.

Main Methods:

  • Videotaping and coding of family mealtime behaviors from 118 families with children aged 5.0 ± 1.5 years.
  • Statistical analyses with adequate power to detect medium effect sizes.

Main Results:

  • Parents of children with T1DM issued commands to eat at a higher rate and frequency compared to controls.
  • Mealtime control efforts increased as meals progressed, with children eating less.
  • Behaviors linked to lower dietary adherence and poorer glycemic control were observed for 9 minutes in a typical 19-minute meal for children with T1DM.

Conclusions:

  • Findings highlight specific family mealtime behaviors that differ in children with T1DM.
  • These clinically relevant observations can inform the development of targeted interventions for young children with T1DM and their families.
Abstract

Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects01:16

Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects

Insulin-replacement therapy usually includes both long-acting insulin (basal) and short-acting insulin (to cater to postprandial needs). In a diverse group of type 1 diabetes patients, the average daily insulin dose is typically 0.5-0.7 units/kg body weight. However, obese patients and pubertal adolescents may need more due to insulin resistance.
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1 diabetes is an...
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations01:19

Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations

Type 1 diabetes mellitus typically presents with rapid-onset symptoms due to the body’s inability to utilize glucose in the absence of insulin. Since insulin is required for glucose uptake into cells, its deficiency leads to hyperglycemia and cellular energy deprivation, resulting in characteristic clinical features.Polyuria and PolydipsiaOne of the earliest, most prominent symptoms is polyuria (excessive urination). When blood glucose concentrations rise above the renal threshold, the kidneys...
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction01:26

Type II Diabetes I: Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...