The relationship between keloid growth pattern and stretching tension: visual analysis using the finite element...

Area of Science:

• Biomechanical Engineering
• Dermatology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Keloids exhibit horizontal growth patterns, similar to malignant tumors, with unknown underlying causes.
• Keloid formation is strongly linked to mechanical stretching tension, often occurring in high-tension anatomical areas.
• Understanding the biomechanics of keloid growth is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the relationship between keloid growth patterns and stretching tension.
• To analyze the influence of mechanical forces on keloid expansion and morphology.
• To elucidate the biomechanical factors contributing to keloid formation and progression.

Main Methods:

• Finite element analysis was employed to visualize and quantify stretching tension in keloid models.
• Three-dimensional models of keloids, normal skin, and fat were created using DISCUS software.
• Models were transferred to ADINA analytical software for volume meshing and tension analysis.

Main Results:

• High tension was localized at the edges of stretched keloids, not uniformly distributed.
• Keloid centers showed low tension, correlating with observed central healing.
• Keloid expansion occurred in the direction of applied stretching, with "crab's claw"-shaped invasion under increased tension.
• Skin stiffness surrounding keloids significantly increased tension; fat properties had minimal impact.
• Adhesion to subcutaneous hard tissue markedly elevated keloid tension.

Conclusions:

• Stretching tension is a critical factor influencing keloid growth and morphology.
• The study advances the understanding of keloid formation mechanisms under mechanical stress.
• Findings suggest that managing stretching tension may be key to controlling keloid development.