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Cardiovascular pathogenesis in hyperhomocysteinemia.

Tao Huang1, Gaofeng Yuan, Zhiguo Zhang

  • 1Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Zhejiang University, 268 Kaixuan Rd, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310029, P. R. China.

Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a key risk factor for cardiovascular disease and other health issues. Understanding the complex molecular mechanisms of hyperhomocysteinemia is crucial for developing effective treatments.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Biochemistry
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Elevated plasma homocysteine (Hcy) is a significant, independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
  • Hyperhomocysteinemia contributes to various conditions, including vascular disease, placental issues, and cognitive impairment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of elevated Hcy levels in cardiovascular and other diseases.
  • To summarize the molecular mechanisms and pathophysiology of hyperhomocysteinemia's adverse effects.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 112 publications from 1932 to 2007.
  • Data sourced from MEDLINE, Current Contents, and scientific journals.

Main Results:

  • Hyperhomocysteinemia involves complex pathophysiology, including direct Hcy toxicity, altered methylation pathways (S-adenosylmethionine, S-adenosylhomocysteine), and thrombotic events.

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  • Mechanisms contributing to cardiovascular risk include oxidative stress, smooth muscle cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix modification.
  • Despite extensive research, many mechanisms underlying Hcy's cardiovascular risk remain unclear.

    • Conclusions:

    • Elevated homocysteine is linked to a wide range of diseases beyond cardiovascular conditions.
    • Further research is essential to fully elucidate the complex mechanisms connecting hyperhomocysteinemia to increased disease risk.