Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Two-Dimensional Force System

Two-Dimensional Force System

A two-dimensional system in mechanical engineering involves the analysis of motion and forces in a plane. A two-dimensional force vector can be resolved into its components as:

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

Three-Dimensional Force System:Problem Solving

A three-dimensional force system refers to a scenario in which three forces act simultaneously in three different directions. This type of problem is commonly encountered in physics and engineering, where it is necessary to calculate the resultant force on the system, which can then be used to predict or analyze the behavior of the object or structure under consideration.
To solve a three-dimensional force system, first resolve each force into its respective scalar components. Do this using...

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

One-Degree-of-Freedom System

In mechanical engineering, one-degree-of-freedom systems form the basis of a wide range of electrical and mechanical components. Using these models, engineers can predict the behavior of various parts in a larger system, which gives them insight into how different forces interact with each other.
A one-degree-of-freedom system is defined by an independent variable that determines its state and behavior. One example of a one-degree-of-freedom system is a simple harmonic oscillator, such as a...

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

Unsymmetric Bending - Angle of Neutral Axis

Unsymmetrical bending occurs when a structural member is subjected to bending moments in a plane that does not align with the member's principal axes. This scenario typically arises in beams and other structural components when loads are applied at non-ideal angles, introducing complexities in stress analysis.
When a bending moment is applied at an angle θ concerning the vertical axis of a symmetrical member, it can be resolved into components along the member's principal centroidal axes. The...

Three-Dimensional Force System

Three-Dimensional Force System

In mechanical engineering, a three-dimensional force system is a system of forces acting in three dimensions, with forces applied along the x, y, and z coordinate axes. The three-dimensional force system is an important concept in mechanical engineering, as it allows engineers to understand and analyze the behavior of objects and structures in three dimensions. By understanding the forces acting on a system, engineers can design more efficient and effective mechanical systems that can withstand...

Coplanar Forces

Coplanar Forces

Consider an object upon which multiple forces are acting. If the lines of action of each force lie within the same plane, the system can be considered coplanar. The Cartesian vector form can be used to resolve each force into its respective components. For a coplanar system, the system will be in equilibrium if each component of the resultant force equals zero and the resultant force on the system is zero. If the sum of the forces is not equal to zero, then the object will not be in equilibrium...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Model-based Analysis for Real-time Label-free Ultraviolet Quantification of Ultrafast Plasmonic Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference·2020

Same author

Demonstration of a 120° hybrid based simplified coherent receiver on SOI for high speed PON applications.

Optics express·2019

Same author

Two-period contra-directional grating assisted coupler.

Optics express·2016

Same author

Wavelength tunable integrated add-drop filter with 10.6 nm bandwidth adjustability.

Optics express·2016

Same author

Remote THz generation from two-color filamentation: long distance dependence.

Optics express·2012

Same author

Infrared generation by filamentation in air of a spectrally shaped laser beam.

Optics express·2011

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Six-Degrees-of-Freedom Alignment of Two-Dimensional Array Components by Use of Off-Axis Linear Fresnel Zone Plates.

M H Ayliffe, M Châteauneuf, D R Rolston

|March 28, 2008

Summary

A new alignment technique precisely positions components in six degrees of freedom (six-DOFs) using Fresnel zone plates. This method enables accurate micro-component assembly for advanced optical and electronic devices.

More Related Videos

Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Fiber-Coupled, and Air-Spaced Fabry-Pérot Etalon

Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Fiber-Coupled, and Air-Spaced Fabry-Pérot Etalon

Published on: February 3, 2023

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking

Published on: January 3, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Characterization of SiN Integrated Optical Phased Arrays on a Wafer-Scale Test Station

Published on: April 1, 2020

Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Fiber-Coupled, and Air-Spaced Fabry-Pérot Etalon

Fabrication of a Low-Cost, Fiber-Coupled, and Air-Spaced Fabry-Pérot Etalon

Published on: February 3, 2023

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking

A Protocol for Real-time 3D Single Particle Tracking

Published on: January 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Microfabrication and Nanotechnology
Semiconductor Device Assembly

Background:

Accurate assembly of multi-component optical systems is critical for device performance.
Existing alignment techniques may lack sensitivity or compactness for micro-scale applications.
The integration of optical components with semiconductor chips requires high-precision alignment methods.

Purpose of the Study:

To introduce a novel six-degrees-of-freedom (six-DOFs) alignment technique for assembling two-dimensional array components.
To demonstrate the technique's capability in packaging microlens arrays with semiconductor modulators.
To propose automated implementations for enhanced alignment precision and efficiency.

Main Methods:

Utilizing off-axis linear Fresnel zone plates on one component and alignment targets on another.
Employing interference fringes to precisely control tilt misalignment during assembly.
Implementing flip-chip bonding for integrating microlens arrays with complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) chips.

Main Results:

Achieved compact and sensitive alignment across all six DOFs.
Successfully packaged a 32 x 32 microlens array with GaAs modulators on a CMOS chip.
Calculated worst-case misalignments: lateral (3.0 µm), rotational (0.023°), longitudinal (13 µm), and tilt (0.022°).

Conclusions:

The presented six-DOF alignment technique offers high precision and compactness for micro-assembly.
The method is suitable for packaging complex optoelectronic devices, such as microlens arrays with modulators.
Future work includes developing automated alignment systems using on-chip photodetectors for improved efficiency.