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Related Concept Videos

Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Other Pulmonary Disorders01:17

Other Pulmonary Disorders

Respiratory disorders encompass a range of conditions with varying levels of severity. Asthma, marked by chronic airway inflammation and hypersensitivity, is one such condition. It can lead to airway obstruction due to factors like bronchial spasms, mucosal edema, increased mucus secretion, or epithelial damage. Asthma triggers are diverse, ranging from allergens to emotional upset, and treatment focuses on both immediate relief through bronchodilators and long-term inflammation suppression.
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:

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Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases
03:22

Microbiological Rapid On-Site Evaluation for Pulmonary Infectious Diseases

Published on: March 1, 2024

Pulmonary zygomycosis.

Vasilios Pyrgos1, Shmuel Shoham, Thomas J Walsh

  • 1Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.

Seminars in Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Zygomycosis is a serious fungal infection in immunocompromised individuals, often linked to iron availability. Early diagnosis and aggressive treatment are crucial due to high mortality rates.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Immunocompromised Host

Background:

  • Zygomycosis is an emerging opportunistic infection, particularly in immunocompromised patients.
  • Hospital outbreaks have been linked to contaminated products, highlighting environmental risks.
  • Key risk factors include uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, neutropenia, immunosuppression, and iron overload.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of zygomycosis.
  • To emphasize the critical role of iron in zygomycosis pathogenesis.
  • To discuss the challenges in diagnosing and managing this severe infection.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on zygomycosis.
  • Analysis of risk factors, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations.
  • Evaluation of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Iron availability, influenced by ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia, is central to Zygomycetes pathogenesis.
  • Commonly affected sites include sinuses, lungs, CNS, skin, and soft tissues.
  • Diagnosis often requires invasive procedures due to non-specific imaging and unproven less invasive tests.

Conclusions:

  • Zygomycosis presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in immunocompromised patients.
  • Combined medical and surgical approaches are often necessary.
  • Despite aggressive management, mortality rates for zygomycosis remain high.