Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization01:12

Types of Errors: Detection and Minimization

Error is the deviation of the obtained result from the true, expected value or the estimated central value. Errors are expressed in absolute or relative terms.
Absolute error in a measurement is the numerical difference from the true or central value. Relative error is the ratio between absolute error and the true or central value, expressed as a percentage.
Errors can be classified by source, magnitude, and sign. There are three types of errors: systematic, random, and gross.
Systematic or...
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
Random and Systematic Errors01:20

Random and Systematic Errors

Scientists always try their best to record measurements with the utmost accuracy and precision. However, sometimes errors do occur. These errors can be random or systematic. Random errors are observed due to the inconsistency or fluctuation in the measurement process, or variations in the quantity itself that is being measured. Such errors fluctuate from being greater than or less than the true value in repeated measurements. Consider a scientist measuring the length of an earthworm using a...
Introspection01:29

Introspection

Introspection, long upheld as a reliable route to self-knowledge, involves examining one's thoughts, emotions, and mental processes. It underpins many psychological practices, from mindfulness meditation to psychotherapy and self-help strategies. However, empirical evidence challenges the accuracy of introspection as a means of understanding oneself.Limitations of Introspective InsightSeminal work by Nisbett and Wilson demonstrated that individuals are frequently unaware of the true causes...
Internal Receptors01:31

Internal Receptors

Many cellular signals are hydrophilic and therefore cannot pass through the plasma membrane. However, small or hydrophobic signaling molecules can cross the hydrophobic core of the plasma membrane and bind to internal, or intracellular, receptors that reside within the cell. Many mammalian steroid hormones use this mechanism of cell signaling, as does nitric oxide (NO) gas.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Implementing a guided imagery intervention for early rehabilitation patients with acquired brain injury in intensive neurological care: Feasibility and preliminary efficacy.

Neuropsychological rehabilitation·2025
Same author

Time matters: on the predictive power of current, short- and long-term expected valence in an experience based learning task.

Frontiers in psychology·2025
Same author

Setting standards: Auditory MMN and P3a habituate differentially in a two-syllable oddball task.

Behavioural brain research·2025
Same author

Decoding human response inhibition: evidence from GPi and thalamic electrophysiology during a go/no-go task.

Neuroscience·2025
Same author

Resting-state functional connectivity in the attention networks is not altered by offline theta-burst stimulation of the posterior parietal cortex or the temporo-parietal junction as compared to a vertex control site.

Neuroimage. Reports·2025
Same author

The interplay between white adipose tissue, adipokines, and structural gray matter changes.

Human brain mapping·2025
Same journal

Iron overload induces ROS-mediated neural stem/progenitor cells apoptosis via mTOR pathway.

BMC neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Combined maternal separation and limited bedding-nesting increase goal tracking, delay discounting, and impulsive action, and moderate sign-tracking-perseverance associations in male rats.

BMC neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Glycine as a potential neuroprotective adjuvant to reduce cisplatin-induced brain inflammation in mice.

BMC neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Using combined ROC curves to improve the diagnostic usefulness of glutaminase, prostaglandins, and 8-isoprostane as biomarkers of autism spectrum disorders;Role in the Glu-GABA-Gln cycle.

BMC neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Age-related susceptibility to paraquat-induced neurotoxicity in male wistar rats: effects on neurobehaviour, substantia nigra cytoarchitecture, and alpha-synuclein levels.

BMC neuroscience·2026
Same journal

Proteomic profiling reveals structural and adhesion pathways regulated by the inverted CHRFAM7AΔ2bp variant in human neural progenitor cells.

BMC neuroscience·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

Internal and external information in error processing.

Marcus Heldmann1, Jascha Rüsseler, Thomas F Münte

  • 1Department of Neurology II, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany. marcus.heldmann@med.ovgu.de

BMC Neuroscience
|March 28, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Error-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related negativity (FRN) reflect performance monitoring. This study shows ERN and FRN are functionally interrelated, with ERN often replacing FRN when self-monitoring is sufficient.

More Related Videos

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice
07:07

Errors as a Means of Reducing Impulsive Food Choice

Published on: June 5, 2016

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions
10:38

A Cognitive Paradigm to Investigate Interference in Working Memory by Distractions and Interruptions

Published on: July 16, 2015

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Performance monitoring involves processing self-generated and external feedback.
  • Error-related negativity (ERN) and feedback-related negativity (FRN) are electrophysiological markers of this monitoring.
  • Previous research suggests overlapping neural mechanisms for ERN and FRN in the anterior cingulate cortex and mesolimbic system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the functional relationship between ERN and FRN.
  • To determine if these two signals interact or operate independently during performance monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized an Eriksen-Flanker task with a dynamic response deadline.
  • Tested 17 healthy young adults.
  • Collected electrophysiological data while participants monitored response accuracy and speed.

Main Results:

  • An ERN was observed when self-generated performance monitoring adequately detected an error, rendering subsequent feedback redundant and preventing FRN generation.
  • An FRN was elicited when feedback provided novel information not captured by self-monitoring, indicating a failure in error detection based on self-generated information.

Conclusions:

  • The findings demonstrate a functional interrelationship between ERN and FRN in performance monitoring.
  • ERN and FRN do not operate independently but show a reciprocal relationship contingent on the sufficiency of self-generated performance monitoring.