Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Inertial Frames of Reference

Inertial Frames of Reference

Newton’s first law is usually considered to be a statement about reference frames. It provides a method for identifying a special type of reference frame: the inertial reference frame. In principle, we can make the net force on a body zero. If its velocity relative to a given frame is constant, then that frame is said to be inertial. So, by definition, an inertial reference frame is a reference frame where Newton's first law holds valid. Newton's first law applies to objects with constant...

Non-inertial Frames of Reference

Non-inertial Frames of Reference

A reference frame accelerating or decelerating relative to an inertial frame is a non-inertial frame. To help understand this, consider what taking off in an airplane, turning a corner in a car, riding a merry-go-round, and the circular motion of a tropical cyclone all have in common. All these systems are accelerating, decelerating, or rotating relative to the Earth; hence, they all are non-inertial frames. All these systems exhibit inertial forces, which merely seem to arise from motion,...

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

Relative Motion Analysis using Rotating Axes

Consider a component AB undergoing a linear motion. Along with a linear motion, point B also rotates around point A. To comprehend this complex movement, position vectors for both points A and B are established using a stationary reference frame.
However, to express the relative position of point B relative to point A, an additional frame of reference, denoted as x'y', is necessary. This additional frame not only translates but also rotates relative to the fixed frame, making it instrumental in...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Duration-modulated neural population dynamics in humans during BMI controls.

Communications biology·2026

Same author

The Compositional Encoding of Hand-Eye Coordinated Movements for Single Neurons in the Posterior Parietal Cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026

Same author

Real-time brain-computer interface control of walking exoskeleton with bilateral sensory feedback.

Brain stimulation·2026

Same author

Hierarchical and Context-Dependent Encoding of Actions in Human Posterior Parietal and Motor Cortex.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025

Same author

Charge density of multi-channel intra-cortical micro-stimulation modulates intensity and naturalness of evoked somatosensations.

Journal of neural engineering·2025

Same author

Science must break its silence to rebuild public trust.

Nature neuroscience·2025

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

Time-invariant reference frames for parietal reach activity.

Christopher A Buneo¹, Aaron P Batista, Murray R Jarvis

¹Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 216-76, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. cbuneo@asu.edu

Experimental Brain Research

|March 28, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Visuomotor transformation for reaching involves simultaneous activation of brain areas. Spatial representations in the parietal cortex remain consistent over time, facilitating rapid movement adjustments.

More Related Videos

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Published on: July 26, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Frame-by-Frame Video Analysis of Idiosyncratic Reach-to-Grasp Movements in Humans

Published on: January 15, 2018

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Postural Organization of Gait Initiation for Biomechanical Analysis Using Force Platform Recordings

Published on: July 26, 2022

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Motor Control
Cognitive Neuroscience

Background:

Visuomotor transformation integrates visual information for arm movements.
The cerebral cortex utilizes a distributed network for reaching, but temporal dynamics of reference frames are unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate how spatial reference frames in the parietal cortex change over time during a reaching task.
Determine if reference frames dynamically evolve or remain static from target presentation to movement execution.

Main Methods:

Neurophysiological recordings during an instructed delay reaching task.
Analysis of spatial encoding in the parietal reach region (PRR) and area 5 of the posterior parietal cortex (PPC).

Main Results:

Spatial representations for target location in PRR and area 5 were consistent over time.
PRR predominantly encoded target location in eye coordinates.
Area 5 encoded target location in both eye and hand coordinates.

Conclusions:

Computational stages of visuomotor transformation coexist simultaneously in the parietal cortex.
Static reference frames may facilitate rapid trajectory adjustments crucial for skilled reaching.