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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint02:19

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
The Cell Cycle Control System01:28

The Cell Cycle Control System

The cell cycle regulation directs how a cell proceeds from one phase to the next and begins mitosis. The cell cycle control system includes intracellular regulatory molecules and external triggers. They provide "stop" or "advance" signals and operate at specific cell cycle stages termed checkpoints to ensure that a particular process is completed before the cell advances to the next phase.
Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) are the primary cell cycle regulators and function at the cell...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

The spindle checkpoint: how do cells delay anaphase onset?

Matylda M Sczaniecka1, Kevin G Hardwick

  • 1Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK.

SEB Experimental Biology Series
|March 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The spindle assembly checkpoint ensures proper cell division by regulating the Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C). Mad3 and Mad2 proteins work together to inhibit Cdc20-APC/C, preventing premature anaphase onset and mitotic arrest.

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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations
07:14

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Published on: September 20, 2019

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Manipulation and Analysis of Cell Cycle-Dependent Processes in Budding Yeast

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Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) is crucial for accurate chromosome segregation during cell division.
  • The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is a key E3 ubiquitin ligase that regulates mitotic progression.
  • Cdc20 is a critical activator of the APC/C, and its regulation is essential for maintaining the SAC.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which the spindle checkpoint inhibits APC/C activity.
  • To investigate the role of Mad3 and Mad2 in regulating Cdc20-APC/C complex formation and function.
  • To understand how substrate ubiquitination processivity impacts mitotic progression and prevents premature anaphase.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of various models for spindle checkpoint action, including Cdc20 sequestration and APC/C association.
  • Investigation of APC/C substrate ubiquitination processivity and its role in degradation.
  • Experimental validation of Mad3's function as an anaphase inhibitor in conjunction with Mad2.

Main Results:

  • Multiple mechanisms regulate APC/C activity, including sequestration of Cdc20 by Mad2-Cdc20 and the Mitotic Checkpoint Complex (MCC).
  • Impaired ubiquitination processivity or substrate turnover leads to mitotic arrest due to the failure of securin and cyclin degradation.
  • Mad3 acts as an anaphase inhibitor, cooperating with Mad2 to effectively inhibit the Cdc20-APC/C complex.

Conclusions:

  • Mad3 and Mad2 play a critical role in inhibiting Cdc20-APC/C, ensuring proper mitotic progression.
  • The regulation of APC/C substrate ubiquitination and turnover is vital for preventing premature anaphase.
  • Further research involving dynamic studies, structural insights, and in vitro reconstitution is needed to fully understand MCC inhibition of APC/C.