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One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
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Published on: June 25, 2010

Methods in assessing homocysteine metabolism.

Subramanyam N Murthy1, Anil S Matta, Debasis Mondal

  • 1Department of Medicine, Section of Endocrinology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana.

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders
|March 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary

High homocysteine levels, a metabolite of methionine, are linked to vascular damage and cognitive decline. Supplementing with B vitamins can lower homocysteine and reduce cardiovascular risks.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Nutritional Science
  • Vascular Biology

Background:

  • Homocysteine is a key metabolite in the methionine cycle, interacting with S-adenosylmethionine and B vitamins.
  • Elevated homocysteine is a risk factor for atherothrombotic events and vascular damage.
  • Homocysteine metabolism is increasingly linked to cognitive dysfunction, including dementia and Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review methods for estimating homocysteine levels.
  • To evaluate common genetic mutations affecting homocysteine metabolism.
  • To understand the biochemical and clinical implications of homocysteine levels.

Main Methods:

  • Assessment of cobalamin (B12), folate, and vitamin B6 status.
  • Screening for genetic mutations in homocysteine metabolism enzymes.
  • Review of current methods for plasma and tissue homocysteine estimation.

Main Results:

  • High homocysteine is associated with vascular disease, particularly carotid stenosis.
  • Deficiencies in B vitamins (B12, folate, B6) are common in the elderly, leading to increased homocysteine.
  • Hypomethylation due to elevated homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine contributes to vascular damage.

Conclusions:

  • Decreasing plasma homocysteine through nutritional cofactor supplementation can reduce cardiovascular event risk.
  • Accurate estimation of homocysteine levels is crucial for understanding its metabolism and related diseases.
  • Evaluation of homocysteine metabolism, including genetic factors, is important for clinical practice.