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Related Concept Videos

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid01:09

Deriving the Speed of Sound in a Liquid

As with waves on a string, the speed of sound or a mechanical wave in a fluid depends on the fluid's elastic modulus and inertia. The two relevant physical quantities are the bulk modulus and the density of the material. Indeed, it turns out that the relationship between speed and the bulk modulus and density in fluids is the same as that between the speed and the Young's modulus and density in solids.
The speed of sound in fluids can be derived by considering a mechanical wave propagating...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System
08:19

Induction of Microstreaming by Nonspherical Bubble Oscillations in an Acoustic Levitation System

Published on: May 9, 2021

Structure analysis using acoustically levitated droplets.

J Leiterer1, F Delissen, F Emmerling

  • 1BAM Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing-Analytical Chemistry, I.3 Structural Analysis, Reference Materials, Richard-Willstaetter-Str. 11, 10317, Berlin, Germany. jork@leiterer.de

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry
|April 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Acoustic levitation enables efficient synchrotron X-ray analysis of small samples. This method suppresses contamination and parasitic scattering, allowing in situ studies of agglomeration and crystallization.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biophysics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Characterizing small or expensive samples using synchrotron diffraction is challenging.
  • Traditional sample handling methods can lead to contamination and parasitic scattering.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present acoustic levitation as a novel sample handling technique for micrometer-sized samples.
  • To demonstrate its utility in time-resolved synchrotron X-ray scattering experiments.
  • To investigate agglomeration and crystallization processes in situ.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing acoustic levitation to suspend small solid and liquid samples in an ultrasonic field.
  • Employing time-resolved synchrotron small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS).
  • Continuously increasing sample concentration via solvent evaporation to study in situ processes.

Main Results:

  • Acoustic levitation effectively minimized absorption and contamination on sample container walls.
  • Parasitic scattering, common with glass capillaries, was absent.
  • Initial results showcase the study of ascorbic acid, acetylsalicylic acid, apoferritin, and colloidal gold.

Conclusions:

  • Acoustic levitation is a powerful tool for handling small samples in synchrotron X-ray experiments.
  • This technique facilitates in situ investigations of dynamic processes like crystallization.
  • It offers a cleaner and more efficient alternative to conventional sample handling methods.