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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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The cranial nerves are an important part of the complex network of nerves in the human body. These nerves emerge directly from the brain and are responsible for transmitting essential information between the brain and various parts of the head and neck. There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves, systematically numbered using Roman numerals from I to XII, beginning from the anterior and moving to the posterior of the brain. Each cranial nerve is uniquely identified by names that reflect its function...
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Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
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Isolated cranial nerve palsies in multiple sclerosis.

Ivana Zadro1, Barbara Barun, Mario Habek

  • 1Referral Center for Demyelinating Diseases of the Central Nervous System, University Department of Neurology, Zagreb School of Medicine and University Hospital Center, Zagreb, Croatia. ivana.zadro@zg.t-com.hr

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|April 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Cranial nerve involvement occurs in 10.4% of multiple sclerosis patients, often presenting as an early symptom. Early diagnosis considering cranial nerve signs is crucial for managing this neurological disease.

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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis

Published on: July 19, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuro-ophthalmology

Background:

  • Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the central nervous system.
  • Neurological symptoms in MS can be diverse, impacting various cranial nerves.
  • Early diagnosis and treatment are vital for managing MS prognosis and disease course.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the incidence and patterns of cranial nerve involvement in multiple sclerosis patients.
  • To determine the diagnostic significance of cranial nerve symptoms in the early stages of MS.
  • To evaluate the correlation between cranial nerve deficits and MRI findings in MS.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of data from 483 patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis.
  • Categorization of cranial nerve involvement as a presenting symptom or a sign of disease exacerbation.
  • Review of brainstem Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings to correlate with neurological deficits.

Main Results:

  • Isolated cranial nerve involvement was observed in 10.4% of patients (7.3% presenting, 3.1% relapse).
  • The trigeminal nerve was most frequently affected, followed by facial, abducens, oculomotor, and cochlear nerves.
  • Brainstem MRI lesions explaining the symptoms were identified in only 54% of cases.

Conclusions:

  • Cranial nerve involvement is a significant, though not always MRI-detectable, manifestation of multiple sclerosis.
  • The presence of cranial nerve symptoms, particularly in young adults, warrants consideration for an MS diagnosis.
  • Increased awareness of cranial nerve involvement can aid in earlier MS detection and management.