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Related Concept Videos

Meiosis II02:02

Meiosis II

Meiosis II entails cell division and segregation of the sister chromatids, resulting in the production of four unique haploid gametes. The steps for meiosis II are similar to mitosis, except that meiosis II occurs in haploid cells, whereas mitosis occurs in diploid cells.
The timing and cell division patterns of meiosis differ between males and females. In male meiosis, the centrosomes are part of the formation of the meiotic spindle. However, in oocytes, including that of humans, Drosophila,...
DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle02:36

DNA Damage Can Stall the Cell Cycle

In response to DNA damage, cells can pause the cell cycle to assess and repair the breaks. However, the cell must check the DNA at certain critical stages during the cell cycle. If the cell cycle pauses before DNA replication, the cells will contain twice the amount of DNA. On the other hand, if cells arrest after DNA replication but before mitosis, they will contain four times the normal amount of DNA. With a host of specialized proteins at their disposal,cells must use the right protein at...
Separation of Sister Chromatids02:17

Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
At the onset of anaphase, separase, a proteolytic enzyme, is...
Inhibition of Cdk Activity02:34

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...
Spermatogenesis01:41

Spermatogenesis

Spermatogenesis is the process by which haploid sperm cells are produced in the male testes. It starts with stem cells located close to the outer rim of seminiferous tubules. These spermatogonial stem cells divide asymmetrically to give rise to additional stem cells (meaning that these structures “self-renew”), as well as sperm progenitors, called spermatocytes. Importantly, this method of asymmetric mitotic division maintains a population of spermatogonial stem cells in the male reproductive...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model
09:40

A Seminiferous Tubule Squash Technique for the Cytological Analysis of Spermatogenesis Using the Mouse Model

Published on: February 6, 2018

Heat stress induces Cdc2 protein decrease prior to mouse spermatogenic cell apoptosis.

Yanjun Zhang1, Xiping Yang, Huiren Cao

  • 1Life Science College, Shandong University, 27 Shandanan Street, Jinan, Shandong 250100, P.R. China.

Acta Histochemica
|April 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transient heat stress reduces Cdc2 protein levels in the testis, potentially causing spermatocyte apoptosis by disrupting cell cycle progression and meiosis. This highlights Cdc2

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Published on: December 28, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • M-phase promoting factor (MPF), composed of Cdc2 and Cyclin B, drives mitosis and meiosis.
  • Cdc2 levels are constant, while Cyclin B fluctuates during the cell cycle.
  • High Cdc2 and Cyclin B expression is noted in the testis; insufficient MPF can halt spermatocytes at G2/M, leading to apoptosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate Cdc2 expression and alterations in the testis during heat-induced spermatocyte apoptosis.
  • To determine the role of Cdc2 in spermatocyte apoptosis following transient heat stress.

Main Methods:

  • TUNEL assay to detect apoptosis.
  • In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry to analyze cdc2 mRNA and protein levels.
  • Transient heat stress applied to induce apoptosis in spermatocytes.

Main Results:

  • Spermatogenic cell apoptosis was observed starting at 4h post-heat stress, with widespread apoptosis by 10h.
  • Heat stress did not significantly alter cdc2 mRNA levels or distribution in spermatocytes.
  • Cdc2 protein levels significantly decreased by 3h post-heat stress, preceding observable apoptosis.

Conclusions:

  • Cdc2 protein is susceptible to transient heat stress in the testis.
  • A swift decline in Cdc2 protein likely leads to MPF deficiency, causing G2/M cell cycle arrest in spermatocytes.
  • Disruption of meiosis due to Cdc2 reduction may initiate spermatocyte apoptosis after heat stress.