Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 6, 2026
07:22
Isolation and Differentiation of Stromal Vascular Cells to Beige/Brite Cells
Published on: March 28, 2013
Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 is up-regulated by PPARalpha
Bettina König1, Alexander Koch, Karen Giggel
1Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany. bettina.koenig@landw.uni-halle.de
Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta
|April 1, 2008
Summary
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activation increases monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 mRNA levels. This study demonstrates PPAR-alpha
Area of Science:
- Metabolism
- Molecular Biology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha regulates adaptive responses to fasting, including fatty acid oxidation and ketone body synthesis.
- Monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)-1 facilitates cellular transport of ketone bodies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of PPAR-alpha in regulating MCT1 expression.
- To determine if PPAR-alpha activation leads to increased MCT1 mRNA levels.
Main Methods:
- Treatment of rats with clofibrate or fasting to activate PPAR-alpha.
- Incubation of Fao rat hepatoma cells with PPAR-alpha and PPAR-gamma agonists.
- Administration of a PPAR-alpha agonist (WY 14,643) to wild-type and PPAR-alpha-null mice.
Main Results:
- PPAR-alpha activation by clofibrate or fasting increased hepatic MCT1 mRNA in rats.
- WY 14,643 increased MCT1 mRNA in Fao cells, while troglitazone (PPAR-gamma agonist) did not.
- WY 14,643 treatment elevated MCT1 mRNA in the liver, kidney, and small intestine of wild-type mice, but not in PPAR-alpha-null mice.
Conclusions:
- PPAR-alpha activation up-regulates MCT1 mRNA expression.
- The up-regulation of MCT1 by PPAR-alpha agonists is mediated through PPAR-alpha.
- These findings highlight a novel role for PPAR-alpha in regulating ketone body transport.
Related Concept Videos
01:06Carrier-Mediated Transport
Carrier-mediated transport is a pivotal process in drug absorption, particularly for lipid-insoluble drugs, and encompasses facilitated diffusion and active transport. Facilitated diffusion allows drugs to move along their concentration gradient without energy expenditure, while active transport utilizes ATP to drive drug movement against this gradient.
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
Active transport involves two types of membrane-spanning transporters: uptake and efflux. Uptake transporters are expressed in the small...
01:16Pharmacogenetics of Drug Transporters: P-Glycoprotein and Solute Carrier Transporters
The pharmacogenetics of drug transporters is increasingly recognized as a critical factor influencing interindividual variability in drug absorption, distribution, and elimination. These membrane-bound proteins regulate drugs' movement across cellular barriers by actively pumping them out (efflux) or facilitating their uptake (influx). Among the major transporter families, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) and solute carrier (SLC) transporters play particularly prominent roles. Genetic polymorphisms...
01:25Cholinergic Receptors: Muscarinic
The pharmacological actions of acetylcholine are elicited via its binding to two families of cholinergic receptors or cholinoceptors, namely, muscarinic and nicotinic receptors. Muscarinic receptors are G protein-coupled receptors and have five subtypes, M1–M5. All mAChR subtypes are activated by acetylcholine and blocked by the antagonist, atropine.
The subtypes M1, M3, and M5 couple with the Gq subunit and activate the phospholipase C (PLC) activity, mobilizing intracellular Ca2+. Activation...
The subtypes M1, M3, and M5 couple with the Gq subunit and activate the phospholipase C (PLC) activity, mobilizing intracellular Ca2+. Activation...
01:09GPCRs Regulate Adenylyl Cylase Activity
Some GPCRs transmit signals through adenylyl cyclase (AC), a transmembrane enzyme. AC helps synthesize second messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). AC catalyzes cyclization reaction and converts ATP to cAMP by releasing a pyrophosphate. The pyrophosphate is further hydrolyzed to phosphate by the enzyme pyrophosphatase, which drives cAMP synthesis to completion. However, cAMP is rapidly degraded to 5′ AMP by the enzymes phosphodiesterase (PDE), preventing overstimulation of cells.
Two...
Two...
01:58Cell Specific Gene Expression
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
01:22PI3K/mTOR/AKT Signaling Pathway
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that regulates growth, proliferation, and cell survival in response to hormones, growth factors, or nutrient availability. This kinase exists in two structurally and functionally distinct forms: mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2). The first form (mTORC1) is composed of a rapamycin-sensitive Raptor and proline-rich Akt substrate, PRAS40. In contrast, mTORC2 consists of a rapamycin-insensitive companion...