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Comprehensive Autopsy Program for Individuals with Multiple Sclerosis
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Regional hippocampal atrophy in multiple sclerosis.

N L Sicotte1, K C Kern, B S Giesser

  • 1Department of Neurology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA. nsicotte@ucla.edu

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|April 1, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Multiple sclerosis (MS) patients show significant hippocampal atrophy, particularly in the CA1 region, impacting memory encoding. This brain volume loss is disproportionate to overall brain atrophy and linked to memory deficits.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Neurology
  • Neurodegeneration

Background:

  • Gray matter atrophy occurs early in multiple sclerosis (MS), independent of white matter lesions.
  • The hippocampus, crucial for memory, is vulnerable to inflammation and insults in MS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate hippocampal volume changes in relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) and secondary progressive MS (SPMS) patients using high-resolution MRI.
  • To correlate hippocampal atrophy with cognitive function and lesion load.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution 3.0 T MRI was used to measure hippocampal volumes in RRMS, SPMS, and control groups.
  • Subregional hippocampal analysis (cornu ammonis regions) was performed.
  • Cognitive tests, including word-list learning and Paced Auditory Serial Addition Task (PASAT), were administered.

Main Results:

  • Both RRMS and SPMS patients exhibited significant hippocampal atrophy, exceeding global brain atrophy.
  • Selective volume loss was observed in the cornu ammonis (CA) 1 region in RRMS, progressing to other CA regions in SPMS.
  • Hippocampal atrophy correlated with impaired memory encoding (word-list learning) but not information processing speed (PASAT).
  • Hippocampal atrophy was not correlated with T2-lesion volumes.

Conclusions:

  • Progressive and selective hippocampal atrophy, initially in the CA1 subregion, is a feature of MS.
  • This atrophy is associated with memory encoding and retrieval deficits.
  • Understanding the mechanisms of hippocampal vulnerability may reveal targets for neuroprotective therapies in MS.