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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies
08:34

Proton Therapy Delivery and Its Clinical Application in Select Solid Tumor Malignancies

Published on: February 6, 2019

[Radiation therapy for malignant tumors].

Shumei Murakami1, Koji Konishi

  • 1Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology.

Clinical Calcium
|April 2, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Radiation therapy, using ionizing radiation, treats about 30% of cancer patients. This treatment can be internal (brachytherapy) or external, targeting tumors while minimizing tissue damage.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiation Oncology
  • Medical Physics

Context:

  • Radiation therapy is a common cancer treatment, used in approximately 30% of all cancer cases.
  • It can be administered as a standalone therapy or in conjunction with chemotherapy.
  • Treatments aim to eradicate cancer cells and reduce tumor size while preserving healthy tissues.

Purpose:

  • To detail the applications and methods of radiation therapy in cancer treatment.
  • To differentiate between internal (brachytherapy) and external radiation techniques.
  • To highlight specific uses in treating cancers like tongue, gingival, and bone tumors, including palliative care for bony metastases.

Summary:

  • Radiation therapy employs ionizing radiation to eliminate cancer cells and shrink tumors.

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  • Internal radiation therapy, or brachytherapy, involves implanting radioisotopes near the tumor, often used for tongue cancer.
  • External radiation therapy, typically from an external machine, is used for bony invasions (e.g., gingival cancer) and pain relief in bony metastases. Its use for primary bone tumors is limited due to low radiosensitivity.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a foundational understanding of radiation therapy principles and modalities.
    • Informs clinicians and patients about the diverse applications of radiation in oncology.
    • Establishes the rationale for using specific radiation techniques based on tumor type and location, and addresses limitations in certain primary bone tumors.