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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota01:18

Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota

The human gut microbiome includes a diverse array of microbial species, including beneficial commensals and opportunistic pathogens, which interact to support host health. These microbes contribute to essential functions such as nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and maintenance of intestinal barrier integrity. However, disruptions to this equilibrium—referred to as dysbiosis—can have widespread physiological consequences.Dysbiosis is often characterized by reduced microbial...
Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics01:21

Microbiota Modulation by Antibiotics

Antibiotics have revolutionized modern medicine by saving countless lives from bacterial infections. However, their widespread use has inadvertently harmed the delicate balance of the human gut microbiota. The gut microbiota, a complex community of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and fungi, plays a vital role in regulating metabolism, immune responses, and maintaining intestinal health. Antibiotics, especially broad-spectrum types, disrupt this ecosystem by eradicating both harmful and beneficial...

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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
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Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers

Published on: January 9, 2026

Enteric infections, diarrhea, and their impact on function and development.

William A Petri1, Mark Miller, Henry J Binder

  • 1Center for Global Health, Division of Infectious Diseases and International Health, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA.

The Journal of Clinical Investigation
|April 3, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Enteric infections significantly impact child development and mortality. Understanding host genetics offers new ways to combat these infections beyond oral rehydration therapy.

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Oral Gavage in Neonatal Mouse Pups and Functional Assessment of Gut Barrier Integrity Using Ussing Chambers
07:18

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Published on: January 9, 2026

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Published on: December 27, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology and Human Genetics
  • Infectious Diseases and Global Health

Background:

  • Enteric infections cause severe intestinal dysfunction, malnutrition, and developmental issues, contributing to global mortality.
  • While oral rehydration therapy reduces deaths from dehydration, it doesn't address the underlying morbidity of these infections.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the complex interactions between enteric pathogens and human genetic factors influencing intestinal health.
  • To explore how genetic determinants impact intestinal function, inflammation, and overall human health and development.
  • To discuss novel intervention strategies informed by a deeper molecular understanding of these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on enteric infections, host genetics, and intestinal pathophysiology.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms underlying host-pathogen interactions.
  • Synthesis of current knowledge on genetic determinants affecting intestinal inflammation and absorption.

Main Results:

  • Host genetic variations significantly modulate the impact of enteric infections on intestinal absorption and inflammation.
  • These genetic interactions profoundly affect childhood development, nutrition, and global mortality rates.
  • A growing molecular understanding reveals new targets for therapeutic and preventive interventions.

Conclusions:

  • Interactions between enteric pathogens and host genetics are critical determinants of disease severity and long-term health consequences.
  • Targeting host genetic factors presents a promising avenue for developing novel interventions against enteric infections.
  • Further research into the molecular basis of these interactions can lead to improved strategies for mitigating the global burden of enteric diseases.