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Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Investigating the Three-dimensional Flow Separation Induced by a Model Vocal Fold Polyp

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Published on: February 3, 2014

Modeling axisymmetric flow and transport.

Christian D Langevin¹

¹Florida Integrated Science Center, U.S. Geological Survey, 3110 SW 9th Avenue, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33312, USA. langevin@usgs.gov

|April 4, 2008

Summary

Unmodified computer programs can simulate ground water flow and solute transport using axial symmetry. This efficient method offers significant computational gains over 3D models for specific hydrogeological scenarios.

Area of Science:

Hydrogeology
Environmental Engineering
Computational Modeling

Background:

Numerical simulations of ground water flow and solute transport commonly employ Cartesian geometry.
Existing models like MODFLOW, MT3DMS, and SEAWAT are versatile but may not always be the most efficient for radially symmetric problems.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate the efficacy of using unmodified Cartesian-geometry computer programs for simulating axially symmetric ground water flow and solute transport.
To highlight the computational efficiency and applicability of axisymmetric models as an alternative to full three-dimensional simulations.

Main Methods:

Utilizing standard versions of MODFLOW, MT3DMS, and SEAWAT with adjusted input parameters to represent radial flow area increase.
Implementing logarithmic weighting of interblock transmissivity to model linear changes in hydraulic conductance within finite-difference cells.

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Validating the axisymmetric model approach against analytical solutions and specialized numerical models using three test cases.

Main Results:

The axisymmetric models accurately simulated ground water extraction, aquifer push-pull tests, and saline water upconing.
Results showed good agreement with analytical solutions and other specialized numerical models.
The axisymmetric model for upconing was over 1000 times faster than an equivalent three-dimensional model.

Conclusions:

Unmodified Cartesian-geometry programs can effectively simulate axially symmetric ground water flow and solute transport.
Axisymmetric models provide a computationally efficient alternative to 3D models when axial symmetry is justifiable.
These efficient models can aid in determining grid resolution for 3D models and in aquifer parameter estimation.