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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome. Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...

Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Transcription Factors

Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial Gene Control

Combinatorial gene control is the synergistic action of several transcriptional factors to regulate the expression of a single gene. The absence of one or more of these factors may lead to a significant difference in the level of gene expression or repression.
The expression of more than 30,000 genes is controlled by approximately 2000-3000 transcription factors. This is possible because a single transcription factor can recognize more than one regulatory sequence. The specificity in gene...

General Transcription Factors

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: February 7, 2019

TNF-induced oscillations in combinatorial transcription factor binding.

Li Sun¹, Guozhe Yang, Mone Zaidi

¹Department of Medicine, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, One Gustave L. Levy Place, PO Box 1055, Endocrinology, New York, NY 10029, USA.

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

|April 4, 2008

Summary

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) triggers gene expression oscillations by forming unique transcription complexes. This dynamic process coordinates signaling molecules for precise gene activation, revealing a new paradigm in cellular communication.

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: February 7, 2019

Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation

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Published on: March 7, 2018

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

Published on: September 8, 2021

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Cell Signaling
Genomics

Background:

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) induces genome-wide oscillations and activates key signaling pathways like MAP kinase and NF-kappaB.
Understanding how these signaling oscillations translate into specific genetic output is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the combinatorial action of signaling oscillations at the promoter level for gene transcription initiation.
To elucidate the mechanism by which TNF, but not RANK-L, drives the expression of the late-onset gene CD38.

Main Methods:

Quantitative Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis to assess transcription factor recruitment.
Re-ChIP analysis to identify unique transcriptional complexes.
Utilizing the CD38 gene as a model for studying ligand-specific transcriptional regulation.

Main Results:

TNF-induced oscillations in p65 and p50 recruitment to the CD38 promoter correlated with AP-1 recruitment.
A novel transcriptional complex, involving AP-1 and NF-kappaB, formed at 3h post-TNF addition, coinciding with CD38 transcription onset.
RANK-L failed to induce this combinatorial transcription factor recruitment, despite activating similar signaling pathways.

Conclusions:

Cells dynamically orchestrate signaling molecules to achieve time-resolved gene transcription.
The formation of novel, time-specific transcriptional complexes is a key mechanism for coordinating gene expression.
This study presents a new paradigm for understanding how transient signaling events lead to specific transcriptional outcomes.