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Carbon dioxide modified subcritical water chromatography.

Michael O Fogwill¹, Kevin B Thurbide

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Faculty of Science, 2500 University Dr. NW, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.

Journal of Chromatography. A

|April 4, 2008

Summary

Adding carbon dioxide (CO2) to subcritical water chromatography (SWC) mobile phases significantly enhances the elution of non-polar compounds. This novel approach overcomes limitations of conventional SWC, enabling better separation of challenging analytes.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chromatography

Background:

Subcritical water chromatography (SWC) utilizes water as a mobile phase, with its polarity decreasing as temperature increases.
Conventional SWC faces limitations in eluting non-polar analytes due to the minimum achievable mobile phase polarity dictated by stationary phase thermal stability.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a novel method for enhancing the elution strength in subcritical water chromatography (SWC).
To extend the range of non-polar analytes amenable to SWC analysis.

Main Methods:

Introducing carbon dioxide (CO2) into the water mobile phase for subcritical water chromatography (SWC).
Investigating the effect of CO2 addition on mobile phase polarity and elutropic strength.
Applying temperature and composition programming with the CO2/water mobile phase.

Main Results:

Blending CO2 into subcritical water dramatically reduces mobile phase polarity, improving separations of non-polar compounds.
1-octanol, previously unelutable in conventional SWC, eluted rapidly at a lower temperature (100°C) with CO2 addition.
The technique successfully separated analytes challenging for conventional SWC.

Conclusions:

The developed CO2/water mobile phase significantly expands the applicability of SWC to a wider range of non-polar analytes.
This method retains beneficial SWC features like flame ionization detection and environmental compatibility.