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Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

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Related Experiment Videos

Racial differences in mortality among those with CKD.

Rajnish Mehrotra1, Dulcie Kermah, Linda Fried

  • 1Department of Medicine, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA 90502, USA. rmehrotra@labiomed.org

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN
|April 4, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Black individuals with chronic kidney disease (CKD) face a higher mortality risk, especially younger adults. This disparity, linked to socioeconomic factors, may explain survival advantages in later stages of kidney disease.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Racial disparities in mortality exist, with Black individuals having higher general population death risk but a survival advantage in end-stage renal disease (ESRD).
  • Data on race and survival in early chronic kidney disease (CKD) are inconsistent.
  • Understanding these disparities is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate racial differences in mortality among adult participants with CKD.
  • To investigate how age and socioeconomic factors influence mortality risk in Black versus White individuals with CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 14,611 adult participants from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.
  • CKD defined by estimated GFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2 or presence of albuminuria.
  • Statistical adjustment for age, gender, race, cardiovascular risk factors, CKD stage, and socioeconomic factors.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with CKD had more than double the risk of all-cause mortality compared to those with normal renal function.
  • In the CKD subgroup, Black individuals younger than 65 had a 78% higher mortality risk than White individuals.
  • Adjusting for socioeconomic factors significantly attenuated the observed racial disparities in mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Racial and ethnic disparities in mortality exist among individuals with CKD.
  • Higher mortality risk in early CKD stages for Black individuals may contribute to their apparent survival advantage in ESRD.
  • Socioeconomic factors play a significant role in mediating these racial differences in mortality.