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Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

Published on: September 4, 2009

Karyotypically normal and abnormal human embryonic stem cell lines derived from PGD-analyzed embryos.

Teija Peura¹, Alexis Bosman, Omar Chami

¹Sydney IVF, Research Department, New South Wales, Australia. teija.peura@stemcellcentre.edu.au

Cloning and Stem Cells

|April 5, 2008

Summary

Stem cell lines can be derived from embryos with chromosomal abnormalities, offering new research avenues. Unexpectedly, many derived stem cell lines were normal, highlighting mosaicism and a new source for stem cell research.

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Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Published on: January 11, 2019

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Chromosomal Spread Preparation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells for Karyotyping

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Published on: September 4, 2009

Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2

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Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Generation of Human Primordial Germ Cell-like Cells at the Surface of Embryoid Bodies from Primed-pluripotency Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

Published on: January 11, 2019

Area of Science:

Reproductive biology
Stem cell research
Genetics

Background:

Normal karyotype is typically required for stem cell lines.
New applications for stem cells with defined chromosomal aneuploidies are emerging.
Embryos with chromosomal abnormalities are often discarded.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate stem cell derivation from aneuploid embryos.
Explore stem cell derivation from developmentally arrested embryos.
Assess the karyotypic status of derived stem cell lines.

Main Methods:

Embryo biopsy and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) using fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH).
Stem cell derivation from PGD-analyzed and non-PGD embryos.
Karyotyping of established stem cell lines.

Main Results:

Eleven stem cell lines were derived from 41 embryos.
Higher success rate from PGD-analyzed embryos (45%) compared to non-PGD embryos (13%).
Six of nine lines from aneuploid embryos and both lines from non-PGD embryos were karyotypically normal.
Three aneuploid lines (trisomy 5, trisomy 16, isochromosome 13) were derived from PGD embryos, none matching original PGD findings.

Conclusions:

Stem cell lines can be produced from PGD-tested and developmentally abnormal embryos, creating specialty lines for aneuploidy research.
Mosaicism and normal cell dominance often lead to karyotypically normal stem cell lines from aneuploid embryos.
Developmentally abnormal embryos can serve as a novel source for stem cells for research and potential therapeutic use.