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Related Concept Videos

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction01:29

Intestinal Obstruction I: Introduction

Intestinal obstruction is a partial or complete blockage of the small or large intestine that disrupts the normal flow of intestinal contents through the lumen. This interruption impairs digestion, absorption, and fluid balance, and may lead to serious complications if not treated promptly.Mechanical ObstructionMechanical obstruction occurs when a physical blockage prevents intestinal contents from passing, arising from within the lumen or the bowel wall, or from external compression.Adhesions,...
Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology01:07

Intestinal Obstruction II: Pathophysiology

Intestinal obstruction triggers a series of physiological responses, starting with gas and fluid accumulation in the bowel segment proximal to the obstruction, leading to distension. This distended intestine compresses the diaphragm, hindering lung expansion and potentially leading to reduced respiratory effort, atelectasis, and pneumonia.To overcome the blockage, the gut intensifies contractions, causing colicky abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting, which reduces fluid and food intake and...
Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
Diverticular Disease of the Colon01:27

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...
Appendicitis01:19

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...
Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction01:26

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Introduction

Inflammatory bowel disease is a group of chronic disorders marked by recurrent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract due to an abnormal immune response against gut microflora. This leads to tissue damage. The two main forms are Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis.Crohn’s DiseaseCrohn’s disease is a relapsing inflammatory disorder that can affect any part of the GI tract, from the mouth to the anus. It involves all layers of the bowel wall (transmural) and shows “skip lesions” in which...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction
07:33

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Published on: March 5, 2018

Adynamic ileus and acute colonic pseudo-obstruction.

Mihaela Batke1, Mitchell S Cappell

  • 1Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, William Beaumont Hospital, MOB 233, 3601 West Thirteen Mile Road, Royal Oak, MI 48073, USA. michidus@yahoo.com

The Medical Clinics of North America
|April 5, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Ileus and colonic pseudo-obstruction are functional intestinal blockages caused by poor muscle contractions. Treatment involves supportive care and, for colonic pseudo-obstruction, medications like neostigmine or colonoscopic decompression.

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Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
04:26

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction
07:33

A Mouse Model of Intestinal Partial Obstruction

Published on: March 5, 2018

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model
04:26

Postoperative Ileus Murine Model

Published on: July 12, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Ileus and colonic pseudo-obstruction are functional intestinal motility disorders.
  • They are characterized by a lack of mechanical blockage but present with impaired intestinal transit due to uncoordinated or weak muscle contractions.
  • Ileus often follows abdominal surgery, while colonic pseudo-obstruction is linked to metabolic issues, medications, severe illness, or extensive surgery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of ileus and colonic pseudo-obstruction.
  • To differentiate between these two functional intestinal obstructions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on ileus and colonic pseudo-obstruction.
  • Analysis of clinical features and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Ileus typically results from a post-surgical inflammatory response.
  • Colonic pseudo-obstruction manifests as significant colonic dilation with some small bowel involvement.
  • Initial management for both involves supportive care, including IV fluids, electrolyte correction, and drug review.

Conclusions:

  • Supportive measures are the first line of treatment for both conditions.
  • Pharmacologic decompression with neostigmine and colonoscopic decompression are specific interventions for colonic pseudo-obstruction.