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Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Use of the Operant Orofacial Pain Assessment Device (OPAD) to Measure Changes in Nociceptive Behavior
Published on: June 10, 2013
Behavioral approaches to pain management in the elderly
Lisa J Norelli1, Saila K Harju
1Department of Psychiatry, Albany Medical College, 43 New Scotland Avenue, Albany, NY 12208, USA. norelll@mail.amc.edu
Abstract:
Pain is a complex phenomenon, influenced by many individual and external factors, and may be experienced differently with age. The detrimental health and social effects of chronic pain are well known. Age-related disorders, such as dementia, may interfere with the communication of pain. Health care provider bias and cultural expectations also may be barriers to the recognition and management of pain in the elderly. A multidisciplinary and multimodal approach in older adults is essential to effective assessment and management. Behavioral approaches to pain should be considered and incorporated into treatment where appropriate.
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