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Related Concept Videos

General Transcription Factors01:30

General Transcription Factors

Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...
Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane01:45

Tail-anchoring of Proteins in the ER Membrane

Tail-anchored, or TA, proteins are estimated to make up to 3-5% of membrane proteins found in the eukaryotic cell. Such proteins have a single transmembrane domain located approximately 30 amino acid residues upstream from the C-terminal end. As a result, the signal recognition particle (SRP) cannot guide a TA protein to the ER membrane for cotranslational insertion. Hence, they are integrated into the ER membrane post-translationally using their C-terminal end as the anchor. TA proteins...
Transfer RNA Synthesis02:36

Transfer RNA Synthesis

One of the unique features of tRNA is the presence of modified bases. In some tRNAs, modified bases account for nearly 20% of the total bases in the molecule. Altogether, these unusual bases protect the tRNA from enzymatic degradation by RNases.
Each of these chemical modifications is carried by a specific enzyme, post-transcription. All of these enzymes have unique base and site-specificity. Methylation, the most common chemical modification, is carried by at least nine different enzymes, with...

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Extracellular Vesicle Tissue Factor Activity Assay
03:53

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Published on: December 29, 2023

TFIID component TAF7 functionally interacts with both TFIIH and P-TEFb.

Anne Gegonne1, Jocelyn D Weissman, Hanxin Lu

  • 1Experimental Immunology Branch and Virus Tumor Biology Section, Basic Research Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Transcription factor TAF7 inhibits key steps in gene expression by interacting with TFIIH and P-TEFb. This regulation controls the transition from preinitiation complex assembly to transcription initiation and elongation.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Gene Regulation
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Transcription is a fundamental biological process involving multiple regulated steps.
  • The preinitiation complex (PIC) facilitates transcription initiation, with TFIID being a key nucleator.
  • TAF7 is a component of TFIID, released upon transcription initiation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of TAF7 in regulating transcription post-PIC assembly.
  • To elucidate the interactions of TAF7 with other transcription factors.
  • To understand TAF7's function in the transition from initiation to elongation.

Main Methods:

  • In vitro transcription assays to assess TAF7's functional impact.
  • Co-immunoprecipitation or similar techniques to study protein interactions.
  • In vivo studies to observe TAF7 localization and co-elongation.

Main Results:

  • TAF7 interacts with transcription factors TFIIH and P-TEFb.
  • TAF7 inhibits the Pol II CTD kinase activities of TFIIH and P-TEFb.
  • TAF7 impedes transcription post-PIC assembly and phosphodiester bond formation in vitro.
  • TAF7 co-elongates with P-TEFb and Pol II in vivo.

Conclusions:

  • TAF7 plays a critical role in regulating the transition from transcription initiation to elongation.
  • TAF7 acts as an inhibitor of TFIIH and P-TEFb kinase activities.
  • A proposed model highlights TAF7's function in controlling transcriptional progression.