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[Risks factors for pediatric malignant liver tumors].

J Ferrís I Tortajada1, J A Ortega García, J Garcia I Castell

  • 1Unidad de Salud Mediambiental Pediátrica y Unidad de Oncología Pediátrica. Hospital Infantil Universitario La Fe. Valencia. España. ferris_jo@gva.es

Anales De Pediatria (Barcelona, Spain : 2003)
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
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Pediatric hepatic malignancies (PHMs) are linked to genetic syndromes and environmental factors like viruses and toxins. Early diagnosis and HBV vaccination are key to prevention and reducing PHM incidence.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Hepatology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Pediatric Hepatic Malignancies (PHMs) represent a small fraction of childhood cancers, primarily hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • These cancers arise from a complex interplay between inherited predispositions and external exposures.
  • Identifying these risk factors is crucial for understanding disease etiology and developing preventive strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the primary constitutional and environmental risk factors associated with Pediatric Hepatic Malignancies (PHMs).
  • To synthesize current evidence on the epidemiology and etiology of childhood liver cancers.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive systematic literature review was conducted.
  • Databases searched included Medline, Embase, Cancerlit, Lilacs, and SciElo.

Related Experiment Videos

  • The review covered literature from the last 25 years using keywords related to liver cancer etiology, risk factors, and epidemiology in children.

    • Main Results:

    • PHMs constitute 1% of pediatric malignancies, with HB and HCC being the most prevalent types.
    • Key constitutional risk factors include Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome, isolated hemihyperplasia, and genetic metabolic disorders.
    • Significant environmental risk factors identified are viral infections (HBV, HCV), aflatoxin exposure, radiation, alcohol, and certain occupational exposures.

    Conclusions:

    • Early detection of HB is facilitated by screening in high-risk genetic syndromes like Beckwith-Wiedemann and isolated hemihyperplasia.
    • Universal Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) vaccination is a critical preventive measure for a substantial portion of PHMs.
    • Reducing exposure to environmental toxins, alcohol, and tobacco during prenatal and early childhood stages is essential for PHM prevention.