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Related Concept Videos

Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

Human genetics provides a profound framework for understanding the interplay between genetic predispositions and human psychology. At the heart of this discipline lies the study of how genes influence physical traits, behaviors, and susceptibility to diseases. Each person carries a unique genetic code that subtly or significantly shapes their psychological and behavioral landscape.
The complex relationship between genetics and psychology is observable through common biological components such...
Background and Environment Affect Phenotype02:27

Background and Environment Affect Phenotype

Although the genetic makeup of an organism plays a major role in determining the phenotype, there are also several environmental factors, such as temperature, oxygen availability, presence of mutagens, that can alter an organism’s phenotype.
An example of how genetic background affects phenotype can be seen in horses. The Extension gene in horses is responsible for their coat color. A wild-type gene (EE) produces black pigment in the coat, while a mutant gene (ee) produces red pigment. A...
Genetic Lingo01:11

Genetic Lingo

Overview
Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu01:29

Pharmacogenetic Phenotypes: Alterations in Pharmacokinetics, Drug Targets and Biologic Milieu

Genetic variations significantly influence drug response through pharmacokinetics, receptor interactions, and biologic milieu modifications. Pharmacokinetic alterations impact drug metabolism and clearance, affecting efficacy and toxicity. Variants in drug-metabolizing enzymes, such as CYP2C9 and CYP2C19, alter drug activation and elimination. For example, CYP2C9 loss-of-function variants require lower warfarin doses to prevent excessive bleeding, while CYP2C19 variants reduce clopidogrel...
Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants01:27

Principles of Pharmacogenetics: Types of Genetic Variants

The human genome is over 99.9% identical between individuals, yet genetic differences exist at millions of bases. The human genome contains approximately 3 million variant positions per individual, many of which are heterozygous, contributing to genetic diversity and individual traits. Genetic variations include single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), insertions, deletions, and copy number variations (CNVs).SNPs, the most common variation, involve single-base changes in DNA. These can be...
Incomplete Dominance01:43

Incomplete Dominance

Gregor Mendel's work (1822 - 1884) was primarily focused on pea plants. Through his initial experiments, he determined that every gene in a diploid cell has two variants called alleles inherited from each parent. He suggested that amongst these two alleles, one allele is dominant in character and the other recessive. The combination of alleles determines the phenotype of a gene in an organism.

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Related Experiment Video

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Personalizing foods: is genotype necessary?

Laurent B Fay1, J Bruce German

  • 1Nestlé Research Centre, PO Box 44, Vers-chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland. laurent.fay@rdls.nestle.com

Current Opinion in Biotechnology
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nutrigenomics research shows diet response varies due to genetics and other factors. Personalized nutrition assessments using proteomics and metabolomics offer actionable dietary guidance for better health outcomes.

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Genetics
  • Personalized Medicine

Background:

  • Human dietary responses exhibit significant variability.
  • While genetic polymorphisms contribute, they don't solely explain these differences.
  • Factors like lifestage, lifestyle, and prior health status also play crucial roles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To emphasize the practical application of nutrigenomics findings.
  • To explore the measurability of diverse health inputs for nutritional phenotype assessment.
  • To accelerate the implementation of personalized health strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Assessing individual health inputs beyond genetics.
  • Utilizing nutritional phenotype assessments.
  • Employing proteomic and metabolomic analyses.

Main Results:

  • Human variations in diet response are influenced by a combination of genetic and non-genetic factors.
  • Nutritional phenotype assessments can effectively measure these diverse inputs.
  • Proteomic and metabolomic analyses provide actionable insights.

Conclusions:

  • Translating nutrigenomics research into practice is essential.
  • Comprehensive health assessments, including proteomics and metabolomics, are key to personalized nutrition.
  • This approach facilitates personalized health more rapidly than relying solely on genetic predictions.