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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
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Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...

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Related Experiment Video

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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice
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Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of Activated Regulatory T Cells Isolated from Chronic Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus-infected Mice

Published on: June 22, 2016

Regulatory T cells and immune computation.

Francisco J Quintana1, Irun R Cohen

  • 1Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02446, USA. fquintana@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

European Journal of Immunology
|April 9, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Regulatory T cells (Treg) possess specialized effector functions in immune regulation, challenging previous theories. While Treg don't predetermine immune homeostasis, their specialized roles are crucial for immune balance.

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14:23

Generation of Induced Regulatory T Cells from Primary Human Naïve and Memory T Cells

Published on: April 16, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • T cell biology
  • Immune regulation

Background:

  • Regulatory T cells (Treg) are critical for maintaining immune homeostasis.
  • The precise effector functions and specialization of Treg remain areas of active investigation.
  • This work addresses specific postulates regarding Treg's role in immune control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically evaluate postulates concerning Treg's primary role in immune regulation.
  • To present evidence for specialized Treg effector functions.
  • To discuss the implications for understanding immune non-responsiveness and homeostasis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and critical analysis of existing data.
  • Discussion of experimental evidence supporting specialized Treg functions.
  • Theoretical argumentation based on immune system reactivity.

Main Results:

  • Data presented challenges the notion that antigens, not Treg, primarily regulate immune responses.
  • Evidence suggests immune non-responsiveness is not solely due to T cell deletion.
  • Specialized Treg populations with distinct effector functions are supported by current data.

Conclusions:

  • The existence of specialized Treg with defined effector functions is supported, refuting initial postulates.
  • Treg's role in immune regulation is more nuanced than previously proposed.
  • While Treg are reactive and essential for homeostasis, they do not pre-emptively set immune set-points.