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Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Organization of the Brain01:31

Organization of the Brain

The brain is an integral component of the nervous system and serves as the center for processing sensory inputs, making decisions, and directing bodily actions. This complex organ is organized into three primary sections: the hindbrain, midbrain, and forebrain, each responsible for a range of vital functions.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain, located at the base of the brain, plays a vital role in regulating automatic processes that sustain life. It includes the medulla oblongata, which is essential for...
Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System01:15

Functional Brain Systems: Limbic System

The limbic system, often called the "emotional brain," is a complex set of structures located deep within the brain. The intricate network of the limbic system supports a wide range of psychological functions, from emotional regulation to memory formation and sensory processing. This functional brain region encompasses specific parts of the diencephalon and the cerebrum, integrating the higher mental functions of the cerebral cortex with the primitive emotional responses of the deep brain...
Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions01:20

Anatomy of the Brain: Major Regions

The brain is the most complex organ in the human body. It consists of four main parts: the cerebrum, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brainstem.
The cerebrum is the largest section of the brain and divides into left and right hemispheres, separated by a deep fissure. The cerebral outer layer of grey matter — the cerebral cortex — comprises elevations called gyri and shallow groves called sulci. The inner portion of white matter includes long nerve fibers known as axons, which connect various areas...
Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development01:19

Piaget's Stage 4 of Cognitive Development

The formal operational stage, as described in Piaget's cognitive development theory, begins around age 11 and extends into adulthood. It marks the emergence of advanced cognitive abilities that differentiate adolescent and adult thinking from those of younger children. This stage is characterized by abstract reasoning, hypothetical-deductive reasoning, and a more complex understanding of self and others.
Abstract Reasoning and Hypothetical-Deductive Thinking
Unlike the concrete operational...

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Social Defeat Stress Model for Adolescent C57BL/6 Male and Female Mice
07:15

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Published on: March 15, 2024

The adolescent brain.

B J Casey1, Rebecca M Jones, Todd A Hare

  • 1Sackler Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University, 1300 York Avenue, Box 140, New York, NY 10021, USA. bjc2002@med.cornell.edu

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences
|April 11, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adolescent behavior, marked by risky choices, stems from immature impulse control and heightened sensitivity to rewards. Brain development shows distinct limbic and control system maturation during this critical period.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Adolescent Health

Background:

  • Adolescence presents unique behavioral challenges, including increased risks for injury, substance abuse, and STDs.
  • Existing neurobiological and cognitive models inadequately explain nonlinear behavioral shifts during adolescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a biologically plausible model of neural mechanisms driving adolescent behavioral changes.
  • To explain the heightened risk-taking and suboptimal decision-making characteristic of adolescence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent human brain imaging studies.
  • Analysis of findings from animal studies on adolescent behavior.

Main Results:

  • Adolescents exhibit heightened responsiveness to incentives and socioemotional contexts.
  • Impulse control systems are relatively immature compared to limbic systems during adolescence.
  • Differential development of bottom-up limbic and top-down control systems observed.

Conclusions:

  • The nonlinear behavioral changes in adolescence are linked to distinct developmental trajectories of brain systems.
  • Emotional reactivity in adolescents may exacerbate poor outcomes due to these neural patterns.