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Related Concept Videos

Bipolar Disorder01:30

Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder is a chronic mental health condition marked by significant mood fluctuations, including episodes of mania and depression. Elevated energy levels, heightened mood or irritability, impulsive behavior, reduced sleep needs, rapid speech, racing thoughts, inflated self-esteem, and distractibility characterize mania. Individuals with bipolar disorder often alternate between depressive and manic states, with periods of emotional stability lasting an average of six months to a year.
Human Genetics01:28

Human Genetics

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Depressive Disorders: Etiology01:27

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Depressive disorders result from a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors, each contributing uniquely to the development and persistence of the condition. Understanding these factors provides critical insight into the multifaceted nature of depression.
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Biological Causes of Schizophrenia01:29

Biological Causes of Schizophrenia

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Depression: Overview01:18

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

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Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder
04:42

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

Published on: May 2, 2025

Neurocognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.

Linda V Frantom1, Daniel N Allen, Chad L Cross

  • 1Department of Psychology, School of Public Health, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154-5030, USA.

Bipolar Disorders
|April 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurocognitive deficits in visuospatial abilities, executive function, memory, and motor speed are present in bipolar I disorder (BD I) patients and their relatives. These findings suggest potential cognitive endophenotypes for BD I.

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Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia
13:08

Measurement of Fronto-limbic Activity Using an Emotional Oddball Task in Children with Familial High Risk for Schizophrenia

Published on: December 2, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Neurocognitive deficits are potential vulnerability markers or endophenotypes for bipolar I disorder (BD I).
  • Limited research has explored neurocognitive deficits in first-degree relatives of individuals with BD I.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate neurocognitive function in individuals with BD I.
  • To examine neurocognitive function in first-degree relatives of individuals with BD I.
  • To compare neurocognitive function between BD I patients, their relatives, and a healthy control group.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study design was employed.
  • A comprehensive battery of neurocognitive tests was administered.
  • Participants included individuals with BD I, their first-degree relatives, and a normal control group.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with BD I and their unaffected relatives showed neuropsychological deficits compared to controls in visuospatial/constructional abilities, executive function, visual learning/memory, and motor speed.
  • Unaffected relatives exhibited intermediate performance levels between the control and bipolar groups.
  • After adjusting for mood symptoms, significant differences persisted in visuospatial/constructional, executive function, and motor domains. Bipolar disorder patients displayed differential right vs. left hemisphere neurocognitive deficits.

Conclusions:

  • Deficits in specific neuropsychological tests, including Digit Symbol, Block Design, and Judgment of Line Orientation, may indicate cognitive endophenotypes for bipolar disorder.
  • Further replication studies are necessary to confirm these deficits as endophenotypes for BD I.