Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
Ribosomal RNA Synthesis02:53

Ribosomal RNA Synthesis

Ribosome synthesis is a highly complex and coordinated process involving more than 200 assembly factors. The synthesis and processing of ribosomal components occurs not only in the nucleolus but also in the nucleoplasm and the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.
Ribosome biogenesis begins with the synthesis of 5S and 45S pre-rRNAs by distinct RNA polymerases. The primary transcripts are extensively processed and modified before they are bound and folded by ribosomal proteins and assembly factors,...
Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)02:30

Small interfering RNAs (siRNA)

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while microarray-based...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sustaining microglial reparative function enhances stroke recovery.

Nature·2026
Same author

Combined administration of interleukin-2 and 18 with anti-PD-L1 antibody induces CCL5-positive CD8 T cells to suppress liver tumors.

PNAS nexus·2026
Same author

Regulatory elements in the Sox9 locus license the initiation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.

Cell reports·2026
Same author

Endometrial immune markers are upregulated in the proliferative and secretory phases in recurrent pregnancy loss.

Journal of reproductive immunology·2026
Same author

Microenvironmental acidosis drives PARP- and ATM inhibitor resistance in p53 deficient pancreatic cancer.

iScience·2026
Same author

pH-Dependent Microenvironmental Ionic Signaling in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Acta physiologica (Oxford, England)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Hidden layers of human small RNAs.

Hideya Kawaji1, Mari Nakamura, Yukari Takahashi

  • 1Genome Science Laboratory, Discovery and Research Institute, RIKEN Wako Main Campus, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan. kawaji@gsc.riken.jp

BMC Genomics
|April 12, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered new classes of small RNAs in humans by sequencing RNA molecules. This reveals the complexity of small RNA biogenesis and function beyond known microRNAs and siRNAs.

More Related Videos

Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs
08:49

Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs

Published on: September 16, 2019

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
08:37

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 9, 2020

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster
09:39

Enhanced Northern Blot Detection of Small RNA Species in Drosophila Melanogaster

Published on: August 21, 2014

Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs
08:49

Improving Small RNA-seq: Less Bias and Better Detection of 2'-O-Methyl RNAs

Published on: September 16, 2019

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos
08:37

Preparation of Small RNA Libraries for Sequencing from Early Mouse Embryos

Published on: October 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics
  • RNA Biology

Background:

  • Small non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), are crucial regulators of gene expression.
  • Despite advances in RNA silencing, the full spectrum of small RNAs in higher organisms remains largely unexplored.
  • Previous research has primarily focused on well-characterized small RNAs, potentially overlooking novel classes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the diversity of small RNAs in humans using an unbiased sequencing approach.
  • To identify and characterize previously undiscovered classes of small RNAs.
  • To explore the origins and biogenesis of these novel small RNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Unbiased high-throughput sequencing of small RNAs (19-40 nucleotides) from human samples.
  • Bioinformatic analysis to map small RNAs to the human genome and known RNA databases.
  • Comparative analysis to identify novel small RNA classes and their potential origins.

Main Results:

  • Identification of distinct classes of small RNAs beyond canonical miRNAs and siRNAs.
  • Evidence of specific cleavage sites in transfer RNAs (tRNAs), small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs).
  • Discovery of small RNAs derived from bidirectional promoter regions and potential links to ribosomal RNA (rRNA) processing, alongside six novel miRNAs.

Conclusions:

  • The human small RNA landscape is more complex than previously understood.
  • The biogenesis of small RNAs involves diverse pathways, including the processing of non-coding RNAs.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the functions of these newly identified small RNAs.