Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

Comparing the Survival Analysis of Two or More Groups

Survival analysis is a cornerstone of medical research, used to evaluate the time until an event of interest occurs, such as death, disease recurrence, or recovery. Unlike standard statistical methods, survival analysis is particularly adept at handling censored data—instances where the event has not occurred for some participants by the end of the study or remains unobserved. To address these unique challenges, specialized techniques like the Kaplan-Meier estimator, log-rank test, and Cox...

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic Models: Compartment Models in Individual and Population Analysis

Mechanistic models are utilized in individual analysis using single-source data, but imperfections arise due to data collection errors, preventing perfect prediction of observed data. The mathematical equation involves known values (Xi), observed concentrations (Ci), measurement errors (εi), model parameters (ϕj), and the related function (ƒi) for i number of values. Different least-squares metrics quantify differences between predicted and observed values. The ordinary least squares (OLS)...

One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes

One-Way ANOVA: Equal Sample Sizes

One-Way ANOVA can be performed on three or more samples with equal or unequal sample sizes. When one-way ANOVA is performed on two datasets with samples of equal sizes, it can be easily observed that the computed F statistic is highly sensitive to the sample mean.
Different sample means can result in different values for the variance estimate: variance between samples. This is because the variance between samples is calculated as the product of the sample size and the variance between the...

The Mantel-Cox Log-Rank Test

The Mantel-Cox Log-Rank Test

The Mantel-Cox log-rank test is a widely used statistical method for comparing the survival distributions of two groups. It tests whether a statistically significant difference exists in survival times between the groups without assuming a specific distribution for the survival data, making it a non-parametric test. This flexibility makes the log-rank test particularly valuable in medical research and other fields where the timing of an event, such as death or disease recurrence, is of interest.

Estimating Population Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation

Estimating Population Mean with Unknown Standard Deviation

In practice, we rarely know the population standard deviation. In the past, when the sample size was large, this did not present a problem to statisticians. They used the sample standard deviation s as an estimate for σ and proceeded as before to calculate a confidence interval with close enough results. However, statisticians ran into problems when the sample size was small. A small sample size caused inaccuracies in the confidence interval.
William S. Gosset (1876–1937) of the Guinness...

Estimating Population Standard Deviation

Estimating Population Standard Deviation

When the population standard deviation is unknown and the sample size is large, the sample standard deviation s is commonly used as a point estimate of σ. However, it can sometimes under or overestimate the population standard deviation. To overcome this drawback, confidence intervals are determined to estimate population parameters and eliminate any calculation bias accurately. However, this only applies to random samples from normally distributed populations. Knowing the sample mean and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Quality Indicators for Behavioral and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia: A Qualitative Study on Available Measures and Key Factors for Implementation in Acute Care.

Canadian journal on aging = La revue canadienne du vieillissement·2026

Same author

Elevating research on how healthcare payment and financing can improve health equity.

Health services research·2023

Same author

The impact of the Oakland SSB tax on prices and volume sold: A study of intended and unintended consequences.

Health economics·2021

Same author

The Impact of a Sweetened Beverage Tax on Beverage Volume Sold in Cook County, Illinois, and Its Border Area.

Annals of internal medicine·2020

Same author

The impact of the Cook County, IL, Sweetened Beverage Tax on beverage prices.

Economics and human biology·2020

Same author

Treatment and referral decisions under different physician payment mechanisms.

Journal of health economics·2011

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Estimating differences between male and female physician service provision using panel data.

Alexandra Constant¹, Pierre Thomas Léger

¹Economist Health Policy Research Division, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ont., Canada.

Health Economics

|April 12, 2008

Summary

The increasing number of female physicians in Canada may lead to reduced healthcare services, as they provide fewer services than male physicians across most specialties. This trend could significantly impact future healthcare capacity.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting (Propensity Score) using the Military Health System Data Repository and National Death Index

Published on: January 8, 2020

Area of Science:

Health Economics
Medical Workforce Analysis
Canadian Healthcare System

Background:

The Canadian physician population is experiencing a demographic shift with a growing proportion of female practitioners.
Understanding the impact of this shift on healthcare service delivery is crucial for policy planning.

Purpose of the Study:

To estimate the effect of the increasing share of female physicians on the total output of Canadian physicians.
To analyze service provision differences between male and female physicians within the Canadian fee-for-service system.

Main Methods:

Development of a micro-econometric model tailored to the Canadian context.
Estimation using administrative data for all fee-for-service physicians in Canada from 1989 to 1998.
Panel data analysis to assess trends and impacts over time.

Main Results:

Female physicians systematically provide fewer services than male physicians in nearly all specialties and provinces examined.
The average service output differs significantly between genders, with female physicians providing fewer services.

Conclusions:

The rising proportion of female physicians, coupled with their lower average service provision, suggests a potential for substantial future reductions in total healthcare services in Canada.
Healthcare policymakers should consider these findings when planning for future healthcare workforce needs and service capacity.