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Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Lab

For AAS measurements, samples must be introduced as clear solutions, often requiring extensive preliminary treatment to dissolve materials like soils, animal tissues, and minerals. Common methods for sample preparation include treatment with hot mineral acids, wet ashing, combustion in closed containers, high-temperature ashing, or fusion with reagents.
Solutions containing organic solvents, such as low-molecular-mass alcohols, esters, or ketones, enhance absorbances by increasing nebulizer...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) is an analytical technique used to determine the elemental composition of a sample by analyzing the light emitted from excited atoms. In AES, atoms in a sample are excited to higher energy levels by thermal energy from high-temperature sources, such as plasma, arcs, or sparks. When these excited atoms return to lower energy states, they emit light at specific wavelengths characteristic of each element. The resulting atomic emission spectrum, which consists of...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Interference

In atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), high-temperature atomizers excite a broad range of elements and molecules that generate complex emissions from sources such as oxides, hydroxides, and flame combustion products in the flame or plasma. Several strategies can be employed to minimize spectral interferences caused by overlapping emission lines or bands. These include increasing instrument resolution, choosing alternative emission lines, optimally placing the detector in low-background regions,...

Acid Mine Drainage

Acid Mine Drainage

Mining activities that disturb sulfide-rich rocks, particularly those containing pyrite (FeS₂), initiate a cascade of geochemical and microbiological processes with serious environmental implications. When exposed to air and water, pyrite undergoes oxidation, releasing sulfate, ultimately forming sulfuric acid and mobilizing heavy metals into surrounding water systems. This phenomenon, known as acid mine drainage (AMD), results in low pH waters laden with toxic elements that threaten aquatic...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Overview

Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) is a technique used to analyze elements by measuring electromagnetic radiation (EMR) absorbed by atoms, which causes them to transition to a higher-energy orbit. The most crucial step in AAS is atomization, where the analyte is converted into gas-phase atoms, typically through a flame or furnace. Some of these atoms become thermally excited in the flame, while most remain in the ground state.
When irradiated by EMR of a particular wavelength, these...

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy: Interference

Interference leads to systematic error in atomic absorption (AA) measurements by enhancing or diminishing the analytical signal or the background. These interferences can be grouped into three main categories: spectral interference, chemical interference, and physical interference.
Spectral interference occurs when signals from other elements or molecules overlap with the analyte signal, falsely elevating or masking the analyte's absorbance. This interference can be corrected using Zeeman,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation

Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation

Published on: July 4, 2014

Changes in arsenic speciation through a contaminated soil profile: a XAS based study.

B Cancès¹, F Juillot, G Morin

¹Institut de Minéralogie et de Physique des Milieux Condensés, UMR CNRS 7590, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Université Denis Diderot, IPGP, 140 rue de Lourmel, 75015 Paris, France. benjamin.cances@univ-reims.fr <benjamin.cances@univ-reims.fr>

The Science of the Total Environment

|April 15, 2008

Summary

Arsenic speciation in French soil varies with depth, with arseniosiderite in topsoil transitioning to iron oxides deeper down. This transformation impacts arsenic mobility and environmental fate near industrial waste sites.

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Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

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Published on: September 1, 2017

A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging

A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging

Published on: February 15, 2021

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Last Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Integrated Field Lysimetry and Porewater Sampling for Evaluation of Chemical Mobility in Soils and Established Vegetation

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Published on: July 4, 2014

Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

Determination of Inorganic Arsenic in a Wide Range of Food Matrices using Hydride Generation - Atomic Absorption Spectrometry.

Published on: September 1, 2017

A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging

A Method to Preserve Wetland Roots and Rhizospheres for Elemental Imaging

Published on: February 15, 2021

Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Geochemistry
Soil Science

Background:

Industrial waste sites can contaminate surrounding soils with heavy metals like arsenic (As).
Understanding arsenic speciation is crucial for assessing its environmental mobility and toxicity.
Previous studies suggest arsenic contamination from arsenical pesticide manufacturing in Massif Central, France.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the chemical forms (speciation) of arsenic in impacted soil as a function of depth.
To identify the sources and mineralogical hosts of arsenic contamination.
To investigate the transformation of arsenic species within the soil profile.

Main Methods:

X-ray Diffraction (XRD) for mineral identification.
Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectrometry (SEM-EDS) and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) for elemental and mineralogical analysis.
Selective chemical extractions.
Synchrotron-based X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy (XAS), including X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) and Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS).

Main Results:

Arsenic concentrations decreased significantly with soil depth (8780 mg kg(-1) to 150 mg kg(-1)).
Topsoil (0-5 cm) contained arseniosiderite and As(V)-bearing Fe(III)-(hydr)oxides.
Deeper soil layers (>15 cm) primarily contained As(V) associated with amorphous Fe oxides, with minimal arseniosiderite.
XANES confirmed arsenic existed exclusively as As(V) throughout the profile.

Conclusions:

Arsenic speciation changes with soil depth, influenced by mineral transformations.
Arseniosiderite, formed from primary arsenopyrite oxidation, progressively dissolves and is replaced by amorphous Fe oxides deeper in the soil.
Amorphous Fe oxides are the main arsenic hosts in deeper, well-aerated soil layers, influencing arsenic's environmental fate.