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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists01:27

Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
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Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: Neurokinin-1 Receptor Antagonists

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Transducer Mechanism: Nuclear Receptors

Nuclear receptors, or NRs, are unique transcription factors that regulate gene transcription and affect the cellular pathways involved in reproduction, development, or metabolism. Their ability to be stimulated by small lipophilic ligands and control vital cellular processes makes them ideal drug targets. Nearly 10-15% of currently prescribed drugs target these receptors.
About 48 different soluble family members of nuclear receptors are identified that can be divided into two main classes:
Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists01:18

Treatment for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension: Endothelin Receptor Antagonists

Endothelins (ETs) are potent vasoactive peptides critical in the human body's various physiological and pathological processes. One of the most promising therapeutic strategies for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) involves counteracting the effects of these endothelins using a class of drugs known as endothelin receptor antagonists.
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Related Experiment Video

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In Vitro Imaging and Quantification of the Drug Targeting Efficiency of Fluorescently Labeled GnRH Analogues
10:36

In Vitro Imaging and Quantification of the Drug Targeting Efficiency of Fluorescently Labeled GnRH Analogues

Published on: March 21, 2017

GnRH antagonists may affect endometrial receptivity.

Beth W Rackow1, Harvey J Kliman1, Hugh S Taylor1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticutt.

Fertility and Sterility
|April 16, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists may reduce endometrial receptivity by decreasing HOXA10 expression in stromal cells. This finding suggests potential impacts on fertility treatments utilizing GnRH antagonists.

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Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
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In Vitro Imaging and Quantification of the Drug Targeting Efficiency of Fluorescently Labeled GnRH Analogues
10:36

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Published on: March 21, 2017

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens
09:15

Two Methods for Establishing Primary Human Endometrial Stromal Cells from Hysterectomy Specimens

Published on: May 23, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology and infertility research.
  • Molecular regulation of endometrial receptivity.
  • Hormonal control of the female reproductive cycle.

Background:

  • HOXA10 is a key gene regulating endometrial receptivity, crucial for successful implantation.
  • GnRH antagonists are used in assisted reproductive technologies to prevent premature ovulation.
  • Understanding the impact of GnRH antagonists on endometrial factors is vital for optimizing fertility outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of GnRH antagonists on endometrial receptivity by assessing HOXA10 expression.
  • To compare HOXA10 expression in women undergoing GnRH antagonist, GnRH agonist, and natural cycles.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective case-control study was conducted at a university academic medical center.
  • Endometrial biopsies were analyzed from 19 subjects (12 in GnRH antagonist/agonist cycles, 7 in natural cycles).
  • Immunohistochemistry quantified HOXA10 protein expression in endometrial glands and stroma 11 days post-hCG or LH surge.

Main Results:

  • HOXA10 protein expression was significantly lower in endometrial stromal cells of women treated with GnRH antagonists compared to GnRH agonist or natural cycles.
  • No significant differences in glandular HOXA10 expression were observed among the three groups.
  • Endometrial stromal HOXA10 levels were notably reduced following GnRH antagonist administration.

Conclusions:

  • GnRH antagonist use may be associated with diminished HOXA10 expression in endometrial stromal cells.
  • This alteration in HOXA10 expression could potentially compromise endometrial receptivity.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the clinical implications of GnRH antagonists on endometrial function and fertility.