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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses a challenge in...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
11:34

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Hepatitis B and C in children.

Evelyn K Hsu1, Karen F Murray

  • 1Pediatric Gastroenterology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA.

Nature Clinical Practice. Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|April 17, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Chronic hepatitis B and C infections impact millions globally, leading to severe liver disease. While treatments exist for children, careful patient selection is crucial for effective management of these viral infections.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Chronic hepatitis B (HBV) affects 350 million globally, a leading cause of liver cancer and cirrhosis.
  • Chronic hepatitis C (HCV) affects 170 million, with 60-80% developing chronic infection and 10-15% cirrhosis.
  • Both HBV and HCV pose significant global health burdens, necessitating effective prevention and treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current understanding of chronic hepatitis B and C infections in children.
  • To highlight the importance of treatment selection for pediatric chronic HBV.
  • To emphasize prevention of parenteral transmission for HCV due to lack of vaccine.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global prevalence and transmission routes for HBV and HCV.

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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target
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A Competent Hepatocyte Model Examining Hepatitis B Virus Entry through Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide as a Therapeutic Target

Published on: May 10, 2022

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
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Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection
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"Liver-on-a-Chip" Cultures of Primary Hepatocytes and Kupffer Cells for Hepatitis B Virus Infection

Published on: February 19, 2019

  • Summary of current US-approved treatments for pediatric chronic HBV (interferon alpha, lamivudine).
  • Summary of current US-approved treatments for pediatric chronic HCV (interferon alpha, ribavirin).

    • Main Results:

    • HBV infection rates decreasing due to infant immunization but vertical/horizontal transmission persists.
    • HCV infection often presents silently, requiring high clinical suspicion for diagnosis.
    • Approved treatments for chronic HBV in children >2 years and chronic HCV in children >3 years exist.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective management of chronic viral hepatitis in children requires careful consideration of treatment suitability.
    • Preventive measures, including vaccination for HBV and safe practices for HCV, remain critical.
    • Ongoing research and clinical evaluation are essential for optimizing pediatric hepatitis treatment outcomes.