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Experience in control of avian influenza in the Americas

C Villarreal1

  • 1Animal Health Direction, Mexican National Services for Agrifood Health, Safety & Quality, Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Dev, Fisheries and Food, Mexico. coor.tec@senasica.sagarpa.gob.mx

Developments in Biologicals
|April 18, 2008
PubMed

Insights

Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in the Americas prompted enhanced biosecurity and poultry production systems. Prompt detection, depopulation, biosecurity, and vaccination were key to HPAI eradication.

Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Science
  • Epidemiology
  • Poultry Health

Background:

  • Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreaks in Canada (1966), the USA (1984), and Mexico (1994) necessitated significant improvements in biosecurity and intensive poultry production.
  • Four HPAI outbreaks occurred in the Americas between 1994 and 2006: Mexico (1994, H5N2), Chile (2002, H7N3), USA (2004, H5N2), and Canada (2004, H7N3).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the control and eradication strategies implemented during recent HPAI outbreaks in the American continent.
  • To highlight the effectiveness of integrated control measures, including vaccination, in managing HPAI.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of control and eradication measures employed during HPAI outbreaks in Mexico, Chile, the USA, and Canada from 1994 to 2006.
  • Evaluation of the impact of prompt detection, depopulation, enhanced biosecurity, movement controls, and vaccination.

Main Results:

  • Standard control measures included prompt detection, farm depopulation, increased biosecurity, and strict movement controls for poultry and related materials.
  • In Mexico, massive vaccination, alongside other measures, facilitated the rapid eradication of HPAI in two high-density commercial poultry areas.

Conclusions:

  • A combination of robust biosecurity, rapid response, and targeted vaccination is effective in controlling and eradicating HPAI.
  • Lessons learned from these outbreaks have led to strengthened biosecurity and intensive poultry production systems in affected regions.

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