Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026
Reliability of Artificial Intelligence-Based Cone Beam Computed Tomography Integration with Digital Dental Images
Published on: February 23, 2024
Reproducibility of maxillofacial anatomic landmarks on 3-dimensional computed tomographic images determined with the
Atsushi Muramatsu1, Hiroyuki Nawa, Momoko Kimura
1Department of Orthodontics, Aichi-Gakuin University School of Dentistry, Nagoya, Japan.
Objective:
To assess the plotting reproducibility of landmarks on 3-dimensional computed tomography (3D-CT) images through use of the 95% confidence ellipse in order to propose sufficiently stable coordinate systems for 3D-CT measurements.
Materials And Methods:
Six dentists plotted 19 landmarks twice on 3D-CT images. Scatterplots and the 95% ellipses were produced 3-dimensionally, and the areas of the ellipses were calculated for evaluating the reproducibility of landmarks.
Results:
The plotting reproducibility of each landmark showed characteristic features. Among five landmarks (the sella [S], nasion [N], basion [Ba], orbitale [Or], and true porion [Po]) that are frequently used as reference points on cephalograms, Ba showed the smallest areas for all three coordinate axes, indicating high reproducibility. The coronoid process (CP) and the tooth-related landmarks showed relatively high reproducibility.
Conclusion:
Sufficiently stable coordinate axes could be proposed for different treatments and studies.
