Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jan 27, 2026
10:46
Generation of Airway Epithelial Cell Air-Liquid Interface Cultures from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells
Published on: June 14, 2022
5.3K
Upper airways reactions to cold air.
1Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20817-6601, USA.
Current Allergy and Asthma Reports
|April 18, 2008
Summary
Cold air exposure triggers rhinitis symptoms like runny nose and congestion. Anticholinergic medications effectively treat this condition by targeting nerve reflexes.
Area of Science:
- Otolaryngology
- Allergy and Immunology
Background:
- Cold air-induced rhinitis is a common condition affecting individuals with and without chronic nasal disease.
- Symptoms include rhinorrhea, nasal congestion, and burning sensations upon cold air exposure.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the mechanisms underlying cold air-induced rhinitis.
- To explore the role of mast cell activation and sensory nerve stimulation.
Main Methods:
- Experimental nasal cold-air provocation was used to reproduce symptoms.
- Measurements assessed mast cell activation and sensory nerve stimulation.
Main Results:
- Nasal mast cell activation and sensory nerve stimulation were associated with symptom development.
- Cholinergic reflex activation by sensory nerves leads to rhinorrhea.
- Anticholinergic agents demonstrated high efficacy in symptom treatment.
Conclusions:
- Cold air-induced rhinitis involves sensory nerve activation and cholinergic reflexes.
- Individuals may have impaired compensatory mechanisms for water loss.
- Symptoms might represent the body's attempt to restore mucosal homeostasis.
Related Concept Videos
02:45Responses to Heat and Cold Stress
14.7K
Every organism has an optimum temperature range within which healthy growth and physiological functioning can occur. At the ends of this range, there will be a minimum and maximum temperature that interrupt biological processes.
14.7K
01:27Cold Weather Concreting
376
When freshly poured concrete is exposed to freezing temperatures before it has set, the water within the concrete can freeze. This expansion disrupts the setting process, delays chemical reactions necessary for hardening, and increases the volume of pores within the hardened concrete, which weakens its overall structure. If the concrete manages to reach an appreciable strength before it freezes, the damage can be somewhat mitigated.
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
To counteract the negative impacts of cold weather, ensuring...
376
01:12Arteries of the Upper Limbs
2.2K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
2.2K
02:22Reaction Yield
59.5K
The theoretical yield of a reaction is the amount of product estimated to form based on the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation. The theoretical yield assumes the complete conversion of the limiting reactant into the desired product. The amount of product that is obtained by performing the reaction is called the actual yield, and it may be less than or (very rarely) equal to the theoretical yield.
59.5K
01:17Veins of Upper Limbs
4.1K
The human circulatory system, a marvel of biological engineering, is a complex network of vessels that transport blood throughout the body. Among these, the veins responsible for carrying blood from the upper limbs are divided into two categories: deep and superficial.
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
The deep venous system is primarily composed of the ulnar and radial veins. The ulnar vein, which drains the fingers through the superficial palmar venous arches, and the radial vein, which serves the palms via the deep palmar...
4.1K
01:25Suctioning the Oropharyngeal Airway
886
In preparing for oropharyngeal airway suctioning, a nurse must gather all necessary equipment, including a suction unit with tubing, a prepackaged suction kit, sterile gloves, water or saline for irrigation, a water-soluble lubricant, and additional personal protective equipment (such as a gown, mask, and goggles) to control infections.
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
After assembling the equipment, the nurse should practice hand hygiene and don appropriate PPE according to infection control guidelines to avoid the...
886