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Updated: Apr 28, 2026

A Two-Step Protocol for Umpolung Functionalization of Ketones Via Enolonium Species
Published on: August 16, 2018
A catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of cyanide to enones
Yuta Tanaka1, Motomu Kanai, Masakatsu Shibasaki
1Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Abstract:
The first synthetically useful catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition of cyanide to enones is described. The optimized conditions involved a Gd catalyst (5 or 10 mol %) derived from ligands 3 or 4 and a 1:1 ratio of TBSCN and 2,6-dimethylphenol. The reaction exhibited excellent to high enantioselectivity and a wide substrate scope. Moreover, the 1,4-adduct was exclusively produced over the 1,2-adduct. The complete regioselectivity was due both to stabilization of the 1,4-selective silylated polymetallic catalyst (7) using a TBS group and the ability of the asymmetric catalyst to promote retro-cyanation from the 1,2-adduct.
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Conjugate Addition (1,4-Addition) vs Direct Addition (1,2-Addition)
Conjugate addition results in a thermodynamically stable product. The reaction retains the stronger C=O bond at the expense of the weaker C=C π bond. The process is slow as the β carbon is less electrophilic than the carbonyl carbon.
Direct addition products are...

