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Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

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Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
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Cytomegalovirus Disease

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Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal Meningitis

Cryptococcal meningitis is a life-threatening opportunistic infection predominantly associated with HIV/AIDS, accounting for over 100,000 deaths annually worldwide. However, it also affects individuals with other forms of immunosuppression, including those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy, organ transplant recipients, patients with innate immunodeficiencies, and individuals with hematological disorders. The infection is caused mainly by Cryptococcus neoformans and Cryptococcus gattii,...

Development of Immunocompetence

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The initiation of cell-mediated immunity can be observed as early as the third month of fetal growth, with active antibody-mediated immunity following approximately one month later.
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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Infections in 252 patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Eric Oksenhendler¹, Laurence Gérard, Claire Fieschi

¹Department of Clinical Immunology, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.

Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America

|April 19, 2008

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The diagnosis delay for common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) has decreased but remains too long. Early evaluation of immunoglobulin levels is crucial for recurrent respiratory infections, aiding timely CVID diagnosis.

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Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Separation of Immune Cell Subpopulations in Peripheral Blood Samples from Children with Infectious Mononucleosis

Published on: September 7, 2022

Area of Science:

Immunology
Clinical Medicine
Epidemiology

Background:

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) is a primary immunodeficiency characterized by recurrent infections and impaired immunoglobulin production.
Adult patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia were prospectively studied to understand CVID characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze clinical events and diagnostic delays in adult patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia, focusing on common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
To identify key symptoms and risk factors associated with CVID diagnosis.

Main Methods:

Prospective enrollment of 341 adult patients with primary hypogammaglobulinemia in the DEFI French national study.
Retrospective analysis of clinical events prior to enrollment, including symptom onset, diagnosis, and infections.

Main Results:

252 patients were diagnosed with CVID; median age at diagnosis was 33.9 years, with a significant reduction in diagnostic delay for those with symptoms after 1990 (2.9 years vs. 15.6 years).
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (bronchitis, sinusitis, pneumonia) and diarrhea were common initial symptoms. Specific pathogens like Streptococcus pneumoniae and Giardia were frequently identified.
Severe defects in memory switched B cells correlated with persistent infections despite immunoglobulin substitution.

Conclusions:

Despite recent improvements, the diagnostic delay for common variable immunodeficiency (CVID) remains unacceptably long.
Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections or pneumonia necessitate systematic evaluation of serum immunoglobulin levels for early CVID detection.