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IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids01:28

IR and UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acids

In IR spectroscopy of carboxylic acids, the C=O bond shows a characteristic band between 1710 and 1760 cm⁻¹, and the O–H bond exhibits a broad band between 2500 and 3300 cm⁻¹.
However, the stretching absorptions for the C=O bond vary depending on the structure of carboxylic acids. The C=O bond of the free carboxylic acids shows a higher stretching frequency, 1760 cm−1, while H-bonded carboxylic acids (dimers) exhibit stretching absorptions at a lower frequency, 1710 cm−1. The C=O bond of the...
Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives01:26

Spectroscopy of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

Infrared spectroscopy is primarily used to determine the types of bonds and functional groups. In carboxylic acid derivatives, a typical carbonyl bond absorption is observed around 1650–1850 cm−1. For esters, the absorption is recorded at around 1740 cm−1, while acid halides show the absorption at about 1800 cm−1. Another acid derivative, the acid anhydrides, exhibit two carbonyl absorption around 1760 cm−1 and 1820 cm−1, arising from the symmetrical and unsymmetrical carbonyl vibration.
In the...
IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region01:03

IR Frequency Region: Fingerprint Region

IR spectra are divided into two main regions: the diagnostic region and the fingerprint region. The diagnostic region of the spectrum lies above 1500 cm−1. The absorptions resulting from single-bond vibrations of the N–H, C–H, and O–H stretch at higher wavenumbers and appear on the left side of the spectrum. The stretching absorptions of the C≡C and C≡N occur between 2100–2300 cm−1. In contrast, those arising from stretching absorptions of the C=O, C=N, and C=C occur between 1600–1850 cm−1.
The...
Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview01:09

Infrared (IR) Spectroscopy: Overview

When electromagnetic radiation passes through a material, atoms or molecules transition from a lower to a higher energy state by absorbing radiation corresponding to the energy difference between the two states. The absorption of infrared (IR) radiation causes transitions between vibrational energy levels in a molecule. Therefore, IR spectroscopy is a useful analytical tool for determining the molecular structure of molecules.
Different compounds display unique properties due to their...
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy01:05

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or TIRF is an advanced microscopic technique used to visualize fluorophores in samples close to a solid surface with a higher refractive index, such as a glass coverslip. TIRF only allows fluorophores in proximity to the solid surface to be excited. When light from a medium with a lower refractive index (such as air) hits the glass coverslip at a critical angle, the light undergoes total internal reflection stead of passing through the glass.
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
11:05

High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology

Published on: January 21, 2015

[FTIR spectroscopic study on carcinoma cells].

Jun-Kai Du1, Jing-Sen Shi, Yi-Zhuang Xu

  • 1The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710061, China. djk_828@126.com

Guang Pu Xue Yu Guang Pu Fen Xi = Guang Pu
|April 22, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy reveals distinct spectral features in cultured carcinoma cells. This study establishes the cellular basis for FTIR-based carcinoma tissue diagnosis, showing cell spectra reflect tissue spectra.

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High-definition Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscopic Imaging of Human Tissue Sections towards Improving Pathology
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Terahertz Imaging and Characterization Protocol for Freshly Excised Breast Cancer Tumors
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Published on: April 5, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Spectroscopy
  • Cancer Research
  • Biophysical Chemistry

Context:

  • Histological diagnosis of carcinoma relies on tissue analysis.
  • Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy offers a non-destructive method for molecular analysis.
  • Understanding the spectral basis of carcinoma at the cellular level is crucial for diagnostic advancements.

Purpose:

  • To establish the cellular basis for carcinoma tissue diagnosis using FTIR spectroscopy.
  • To obtain and analyze FTIR spectra of cultured carcinoma cells.
  • To compare spectral features of cultured carcinoma cells with corresponding carcinoma tissues.

Summary:

  • Gastric carcinoma tissues and SGC7901 cultured cells were analyzed using FTIR spectroscopy.
  • Comparative spectral analysis identified differences, primarily in water-related bands (3000-3600 cm⁻¹, 1640 cm⁻¹), due to higher water content in tissues.
  • Despite complexity, cultured carcinoma cell spectra effectively reflect spectral features of carcinoma tissues.

Impact:

  • This research validates FTIR spectroscopy as a diagnostic tool for carcinoma by demonstrating its cell-level basis.
  • Findings support the potential for FTIR spectroscopy in non-invasive or minimally invasive cancer diagnostics.
  • The study provides a foundation for further investigations into spectral biomarkers for various carcinomas.