Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas
Published on: January 17, 2018
[Draf's endonasal drainage for inflammatory frontal sinus disease]
Xuejun You1, Wolfgang Draf, Ulrike Bockmühl
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China. drxjyou@yahoo.com.cn
Objective:
To introduce endonasal drainage procedures to frontal sinus in inflammatory sinus disease and its indications, methods and efficacy.
Method:
One hundred thirty two patients undergoing Draf I-III frontal sinus drainage procedures with 1-12 years follow-up were reviewed retrospectively.
Result:
Forty two patients underwent type I frontal sinusotomy, 43 type II sinusotomy and 47 type III sinusotomy. A successful result was seen in these groups, 83.4%, 83.7%, and 89.4% respectively. Best effect was gained by type III sinusotomy. There was no significant difference in efficacy between the different Draf frontal sinus drainage procedures (P > 0.05).
Conclusion:
Endonasal microscopic-endoscopic frontal drainage treatment of refractory, polypoid and recurrent frontal sinusitis can yield successful results.
Related Concept Videos
Epistaxis
Etiology
Possible causes of this condition include high blood pressure, trauma, low humidity, upper respiratory tract infections, allergies, foreign bodies, nasal inhalation of corticosteroids or illicit drugs, excessive use of decongestant nasal sprays, facial or nasal surgery, anatomic malformation, tumors, or systemic...
Suctioning the Nasopharyngeal Airway
Equipment Required
