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Related Experiment Videos

Distinctive encoding reduces the Jacoby-Whitehouse illusion.

David A Gallo1, David H Perlmutter, Christopher D Moore

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA. dgallo@uchicago.edu

Memory & Cognition
|April 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary
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Distinctive encoding, like using pictures, reduced the Jacoby-Whitehouse illusion. This memory effect persisted even when participants made quick recognition decisions, suggesting a different underlying process.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Memory Research

Background:

  • The Jacoby and Whitehouse (1989) illusion demonstrates how encoding distinctiveness impacts memory.
  • Nondistinctive encoding involves processing information in a similar format, while distinctive encoding uses a different format.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how distinctive encoding influences the Jacoby and Whitehouse illusion.
  • To determine if the distinctiveness effect is mediated by a recollection-based strategy (distinctiveness heuristic).

Main Methods:

  • Subjects studied visually presented words with either auditory or pictorial associations.
  • Recognition tests included repetition primes, and some trials required speeded decisions to minimize recollection.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • The Jacoby-Whitehouse illusion was observed in the auditory (nondistinctive) encoding condition.
  • The illusion was significantly reduced in the pictorial (distinctive) encoding condition.
  • Speeded recognition decisions did not eliminate the distinctiveness effect, challenging the distinctiveness heuristic hypothesis.

    • Conclusions:

    • Distinctive encoding, particularly pictorial, mitigates the Jacoby-Whitehouse illusion.
    • The effect of distinctiveness on this illusion may stem from changes in preretrieval orientation rather than postretrieval editing.