Use of FM1-43 and other derivatives to investigate neuronal function

The fluorescent dye FM1-43 and its derivatives can be used to monitor the physiology of synaptic vesicle turnover in central nerve terminals. They do so by their ability to reversibly partition into membranes, a process that results in a huge increase in fluorescence in comparison to their quantum yield in solution. This unit provides protocols for quantifying total synaptic vesicle turnover, the kinetics and extent of synaptic vesicle exocytosis, and the kinetics and mode of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Descriptions of other ways these protocols have been used to derive information about the life cycle of the synaptic vesicle are also provided.