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ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis01:28

ATP and Macromolecule Synthesis

Biological macromolecules are organic compounds, predominantly composed of carbon atoms. The carbon atoms are covalently bonded with hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and other minor elements. There are four major biological macromolecule classes: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Most macromolecules are composed of single subunits, or building blocks, called monomers. The monomers combine with each other using covalent bonds to form larger molecules known as polymers.
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Nucleic Acid Structure

The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA has a double-helix structure. The...

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Solution structure of an arabinonucleic acid (ANA)/RNA duplex in a chimeric hairpin: comparison with 2'-fluoro-ANA/RNA and DNA/RNA hybrids.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
11:37

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Solid-phase supports for oligonucleotide synthesis.

R T Pon1

  • 1University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.

Current Protocols in Nucleic Acid Chemistry
|April 23, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Solid-phase synthesis offers advantages for creating oligonucleotides but has drawbacks. This review covers solid supports, linkers, and coupling strategies crucial for efficient oligonucleotide synthesis.

Area of Science:

  • Chemistry
  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Oligonucleotide synthesis is fundamental for molecular biology and biotechnology.
  • Solid-phase synthesis has become a standard method for producing oligonucleotides.
  • Understanding the nuances of solid-phase supports and linkers is critical for optimizing synthesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the advantages and disadvantages of solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis.
  • To discuss the physical and chemical properties of solid supports relevant to oligonucleotide synthesis.
  • To outline linker properties, coupling strategies, and cleavage conditions for oligonucleotide synthesis.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of solid-phase support characteristics.
  • Analysis of linker properties for nucleoside attachment.

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism
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Protocol for the Solid-phase Synthesis of Oligomers of RNA Containing a 2'-O-thiophenylmethyl Modification and Characterization via Circular Dichroism

Published on: July 28, 2017

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides
13:19

Chemical Triphosphorylation of Oligonucleotides

Published on: June 2, 2022

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization
15:22

Nucleoside Triphosphates - From Synthesis to Biochemical Characterization

Published on: April 3, 2014

  • Review of coupling and cleavage strategies in oligonucleotide synthesis.

    • Main Results:

    • Solid supports offer practical advantages but also present limitations in oligonucleotide synthesis.
    • Specific physical and chemical properties of supports dictate their suitability.
    • Linker choice and coupling conditions influence the efficiency and integrity of synthetic oligonucleotides.

    Conclusions:

    • Effective oligonucleotide synthesis relies on careful selection of solid supports and linkers.
    • Optimized coupling and cleavage strategies are essential for producing high-quality synthetic oligonucleotides.
    • This review provides a foundation for understanding solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis techniques.