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Measuring Sub-23 Nanometer Real Driving Particle Number Emissions Using the Portable DownToTen Sampling System

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Size dependent elemental composition of road-associated particles.

Erica R McKenzie¹, Carol M Wong, Peter G Green

¹Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California Davis, 2001 Engineering Unit III, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ermckenzie@ucdavis.edu

The Science of the Total Environment

|April 25, 2008

Summary

Fine stormwater particles, though small, carry significant metal contamination. Very fine particles (<1.5 micrometers) are highly enriched in toxic metals like zinc, posing environmental risks due to their mobility.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Science
Analytical Chemistry
Geochemistry

Background:

Stormwater runoff transports metals and contaminants via particles.
Conventional best management practices primarily remove larger particles.
Fine and very fine particles (<10 µm and <1.5 µm) are insufficiently studied for metal contributions.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the metal content of fine and very fine road-associated particles.
Determine the size-fraction-specific enrichment of metals in stormwater.
Evaluate the environmental relevance of very fine particles in metal transport.

Main Methods:

Collected road dust via vacuuming and stormwater runoff.
Fractionated particles into size ranges (0.1–1.5 µm) using a cell sorter and (<2–63 µm) using a settling column.
Analyzed particle fractions for Al, Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb using ICP-MS.

Main Results:

Enrichment factors (EFs) for Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb were significantly higher in fine and very fine fractions.
Maximum enrichment factors (up to ~4900 for Zn) were observed in the smallest size fractions (0.1–0.3 µm).
Fe and Mn showed minimal enrichment across all particle sizes.

Conclusions:

Cell sorters are effective for fractionating very fine aqueous particles (0.1–1.5 µm).
Very fine particles, despite low mass, are environmentally significant due to high metal enrichment and mobility.
Road stormwater runoff contains fine particles enriched in toxic metals, necessitating further investigation and management strategies.