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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Single-stage Dynamic Reanimation of the Smile in Irreversible Facial Paralysis by Free Functional Muscle Transfer
Published on: March 1, 2015
Use of triple-convergence polypropylene thread for the aesthetic correction of partial facial paralysis
Enzo Rivera Citarella1, Aris Sterodimas, Alexandra Conde Green
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Rua Dona Mariana 65, 22280-020, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Abstract:
Rehabilitation and reanimation of the paralyzed face remains a challenge. A variety of autografts and allografts have been used for static facial suspension. We report two cases of long-standing partial facial paralysis treated with 3C triple-convergence polypropylene thread. A 39-year-old woman with right-sided partial facial paralysis underwent an endoscopy-assisted facial suspension using the 3C threads and a 60-year-old woman with right-sided partial facial paralysis underwent a round face-lifting combined with endoscopic brow lift and placement of 3C triple-convergence polypropylene threads. Its use for partial facial paralysis has not been previously described. The 1-year follow-up shows effective preservation of the surgical result and patient satisfaction.
