[The role of exercise in the treatment of type 1 diabetes]

Although physical activity has been associated with cardiovascular mortality reduction in type-1 diabetes (DM1) patients, many points in the topic 'exercise' deserve a closer look. For example: contradictory data have been reported regarding the benefits of physical activity on metabolic control in these patients. Still contradictory is the type of exercise that brings more benefit in this group. Another issue is the best way of reducing insulin doses for exercise. This article intent to discuss these topics. The effect of exercise on metabolic control in DM1 is still contradictory. Some authors show a beneficial effect on glycated hemoglobin (A1c) and others do not. Another point to be analized is which type of exercise is better for these patients: aerobic or of resistance. There is a lack of information related to the effect of resistance exercises without the aerobic training on metabolic control in type-1 diabetes. The effect of exercise on lipid profile in DM1 is another issue. The intensity and duration of the exercises, the level of physical activity, the duration of the disease and the presence of cronic complications are some points that might be taken into consideration before starting an exercise program. Guidelines for the reduction in insulin dose or the use of carbohydrate are strategies to avoid hypoglycemia related to exercises. Hydration and self-monitored blood glucose levels are also very important topics. This article will also discuss the clinical evaluation before doing any exercise.