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Optimized Analysis of DNA Methylation and Gene Expression from Small, Anatomically-defined Areas of the Brain
13:11

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Published on: July 12, 2012

Epigenetics, brain evolution and behaviour.

Eric B Keverne1, James P Curley

  • 1Sub-Department of Animal Behaviour, University of Cambridge, Madingley, Cambridge, CB23 8AA, UK. ebk10@cam.ac.uk

Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
|April 29, 2008
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Epigenetic modifications regulate gene transcription and are heritable through genomic imprinting, influencing development and behavior. These mechanisms adapt gene expression in response to environmental cues, impacting brain plasticity.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Epigenetic modifications, including DNA and histone alterations, regulate gene transcription without changing the DNA sequence.
  • Genomic imprinting represents a heritable epigenetic mechanism that silences genes based on parent-of-origin, crucial for coordinating development with maternal resources.
  • Epigenetic changes in neurons can be triggered by environmental factors like maternal care and social interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of epigenetic modifications in gene regulation and their impact on development and behavior.
  • To understand how environmental stimuli influence epigenetic mechanisms in neurons.
  • To investigate the evolutionary adaptation of epigenetic mechanisms for gene expression control and brain plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • The study reviews molecular mechanisms of epigenetic modifications.
  • It examines the principles of genomic imprinting and its matrilineal control.
  • It discusses the impact of environmental stimuli on neuronal epigenetic changes and subsequent behavioral outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic modifications are key regulators of gene transcription and are heritable via genomic imprinting.
  • Genomic imprinting, under matrilineal control, coordinates in-utero development with maternal resource availability.
  • Environmental stimuli, such as maternal care, induce dynamic or stable epigenetic changes in neurons, leading to long-term behavioral consequences.

Conclusions:

  • Evolutionarily conserved epigenetic mechanisms are adapted to control gene expression and embryonic brain growth.
  • These mechanisms allow for plastic changes in the post-natal brain in response to external environmental and social cues.
  • Epigenetics plays a vital role in linking environmental experiences to gene expression and behavior throughout life.