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Interleukin-21: a critical regulator of the balance between effector and regulatory T-cell responses

Giovanni Monteleone1, Francesco Pallone, Thomas T MacDonald

  • 1Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Centro di Eccellenza per lo Studio Delle Malattie Complesse e Multifattoriali, Università Tor Vergata, Rome 00133, Italy. Gi.Monteleone@Med.uniroma2.it <Gi.Monteleone@Med.uniroma2.it>

Trends in Immunology
|April 29, 2008
PubMed

Naïve T cells can commit to effector [T helper 1 (Th1), Th2 and Th17] or regulatory lineages. Skewing of responses toward inflammatory Th1, Th2 or Th17 pathways and away from regulatory T-cell pathways might be responsible for the initiation and progress of immune-mediated diseases. Based on recent data, we propose that interleukin-21 (IL-21), a cytokine produced by activated CD4+ T cells, induces the development of Th17 cells, blocks the differentiation of transforming growth factor-beta1-induced regulatory T cells and renders CD4+ T cells resistant to the suppressive effects of regulatory T cells, thereby playing a major role in pathogenic T-cell responses.

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