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Perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine prevent aortic ultrastructural changes in rats exposed to ethanol
Mehmet Yokusoglu1, Cemal Sag, Mehmet Cincik
1Department of Cardiology, Gulhane Military Medical School, Etlik, Ankara, Turkey. myokusoglu@gata.edu.tr
Background:
The effects of perindopril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, atenolol, a beta adrenergic receptor blocker, and amlodipine, a calcium channel blocker, were investigated in chronic alcohol administered rats.
Material/Methods:
Adult male Wistar rats (240-320 g) were used in the present study. Alcohol was given to rats on a modified liquid diet for 21 days. Perindopril (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), atenolol (5 and 10 mg/kg), and amlodipine (5 and 10 mg/kg) were injected into rats in different groups intraperitoneally for 21 days. Control rats were pair fed an isocaloric liquid diet containing sucrose as a caloric substitute for alcohol. Saline was injected into the control rats for 21 days. The hearts were removed after the rats were anesthetized by ether, and 1-mm3 samples from the ascending aortas were fixed. Five fields per aorta were examined and photographed with a transmission electron microscope. Blood alcohol levels were also measured spectrophotometrically.
Results:
Daily alcohol consumption of the rats was in the range of 12.09-15.50 g/kg. Blood alcohol concentrations were 145.63 mg/dl on the 21st day of alcohol consumption. Chronic alcohol consumption caused some marked aortic wall injuries. Perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine at high doses, but not low doses, produced some significant beneficial effects on alcohol-induced aortic wall damage.
Conclusions:
These results imply that perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine may have protective effects on heavy chronic alcohol consumption-induced aortic wall injury in rats only in high doses.
Insights
High doses of perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine showed protective effects against alcohol-induced aortic wall injury in rats. These findings suggest potential therapeutic benefits for heavy chronic alcohol consumption.
Area of Science:
- Cardiovascular Pharmacology
- Toxicology
- Drug Efficacy Studies
Background:
- Chronic alcohol consumption can lead to significant cardiovascular damage, particularly affecting the aorta.
- Investigating the protective effects of common cardiovascular drugs against alcohol-induced injury is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the potential protective effects of perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine against chronic alcohol-induced aortic wall injury in rats.
- To determine the dose-dependent efficacy of these drugs in mitigating alcohol-related vascular damage.
Main Methods:
- Adult male Wistar rats were administered alcohol via a modified liquid diet for 21 days.
- Perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine were administered intraperitoneally at varying doses.
- Aortic tissue was examined using transmission electron microscopy, and blood alcohol levels were measured.
Main Results:
- Chronic alcohol consumption resulted in notable aortic wall injuries in rats.
- High doses of perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine demonstrated significant beneficial effects on alcohol-induced aortic damage.
- Low doses of these drugs did not produce significant protective effects.
Conclusions:
- Perindopril, atenolol, and amlodipine, particularly at high doses, may offer protective effects against aortic wall injury induced by heavy chronic alcohol consumption.
- These findings highlight the potential therapeutic role of these drugs in managing alcohol-related cardiovascular complications.
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